基于核磁共振的微球调驱微观滞留与封堵特征

doi:10.7657/XJPG20260111

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微球调驱技术可有效改善低渗透油藏高渗透层水窜严重及低渗透层原油难以动用的问题。通过将双岩心并联微球调驱物理模拟实验与低场核磁共振测试相结合的方式，对微球的微观滞留与封堵特征进行研究。通过定义岩心封堵程度以及大、小孔封堵贡献率，对微球的微观封堵能力进行定量评价。结果表明，微球调驱可进一步提高原油采收率，在水驱基础上开展不同注入速度的微球调驱后，低渗透岩心和高渗透岩心采收率分别平均增大9.47%和5.80%。调驱后岩心渗透率均不同程度下降，且低渗透岩心渗透率下降幅度大于高渗透岩心。核磁共振测试结果表明，微球对低渗透岩心的封堵程度大于高渗透岩心，不同注入速度下低渗透岩心和高渗透岩心的平均封堵程度分别为5.44%和1.02%，表明实验所用直径为50 nm的微球在低渗透岩心的适用性更好。计算发现大孔的封堵贡献率大于小孔，小孔的封堵贡献率为负值，表明微球优先在岩心大孔内沉积，并将大孔中的水驱替至小孔，从而实现对小孔中氟油的动用。

关键词: 低渗透油藏, 微球调驱, 核磁共振, 采收率, 微观滞留, 封堵特征, 物理模拟

Abstract:

Microsphere flooding technology can effectively address the issues of severe water channeling in high-permeability layers and difficult oil mobilizing in low-permeability layers in low-permeability reservoirs. This paper investigates the microscopic retention and plugging characteristics of microspheres by combining a parallel dual-core microsphere flooding physical simulation experiment with low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing, and quantitatively evaluates the microscopic plugging capacity of microspheres by defining the degree of core plugging and the plugging contributions of large and small pores. The results show that microsphere flooding can further enhance oil recovery. Microsphere injection at varying rates after water flooding enables the oil recovery of low-permeability and high-permeability cores to increase by an average of 9.47% and 5.80%, respectively. The permeabilities of the cores reduce to a varying extent after microsphere flooding, with a higher reduction in low-permeability cores than in high-permeability cores. The NMR test results indicate that the plugging degree of microspheres in low-permeability cores is greater than that in high-permeability cores. The average plugging degrees of low-permeability and high-permeability cores at different injection rates are 5.44% and 1.02%, respectively, suggesting that microspheres with a diameter of 50 nm used in the test are compatible with low-permeability cores. Additionally, the calculation results show that the plugging contribution rate of large pores is higher than that of small pores, with the latter being negative, indicating that microspheres preferentially deposit in large pores and displace the water in large pores into small pores, thereby mobilizing the fluocarbon oil in small pores.

Key words: low-permeability reservoir, microsphere flooding, NMR, oil recovery, microscopic retention, plugging characteristic, physical simulation

中图分类号:

TE357

韩波, 高辉, 刘云龙, 易萍, 王琛, 程志林, 李腾. 基于核磁共振的微球调驱微观滞留与封堵特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2026, 47(1): 103-110.

HAN Bo, GAO Hui, LIU Yunlong, YI Ping, WANG Chen, CHENG Zhilin, LI Teng. NMR-Based Investigation on Microscopic Retention and Plugging During Microsphere Flooding[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2026, 47(1): 103-110.

图/表 8

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 27

[1]	王程伟, 苏玉亮, 王文东, 等. CO₂-C₂H₆吞吐提高致密油藏采收率实验研究[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2024, 31(1):111-118.
	WANG Chengwei, SU Yuliang, WANG Wendong, et al. Experimental study on enhancing oil recovery of tight reservoirs through CO₂-C₂H₆ huff and puff[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2024, 31(1):111-118.
[2]	魏鸿坤, 王健, 王丹翎, 等. 高盐低渗透油藏CO₂泡沫微观尺度耐盐性及调驱效果[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(6):703-710.
	WEI Hongkun, WANG Jian, WANG Danling, et al. Microscale salt tolerance and profile control of CO₂ foam in high-salinity,low-permeability reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(6):703-710.
[3]	李远铎, 丁帅伟, 张蒙, 等. 考虑封存机理的低渗透油藏CO₂驱油与封存注采参数敏感性分析[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(6):711-718.
	LI Yuanduo, DING Shuaiwei, ZHANG Meng, et al. Sensitivity analysis on injection-production parameters for CO₂ EOR and storage in low-permeability reservoirs considering storage mechanism[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(6):711-718.
[4]	HAN Bo, CUI Guodong, WANG Yanqing, et al. Effect of fracture network on water injection huff-puff for volume stimulation horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir:Field test and numerical simulation study[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2021, 207:109106. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109106
[5]	陈洪才, 王昭凯, 金忠康, 等. 中低渗砂岩油藏水驱后期油藏再评价及提高采收率对策[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(4):133-141. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2024.04.017
	CHEN Hongcai, WANG Zhaokai, JIN Zhongkang, et al. Re-evaluation of medium-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in the later stage of water flooding and strategies to improve recovery efficiency[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024, 31(4):133-141.
[6]	屈雪峰, 何右安, 尤源, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田页岩油开发技术探索与实践[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2024, 43(4):170-180.
	QU Xuefeng, HE You’an, YOU Yuan, et al. Research and practice of shale oil development technology in Qingcheng oilfield of Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2024, 43(4):170-180.
[7]	李忠兴, 屈雪峰, 刘万涛, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密油合理开发方式探讨[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2015, 42(2):217-221.
	LI Zhongxing, QU Xuefeng, LIU Wantao, et al. Development modes of Triassic Yanchang formation Chang 7 member tight oil in Ordos Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(2):217-221.
[8]	YAO Chuanjin, LEI Guanglun, CATHLES L M, et al. Pore-scale investigation of micron-size polyacrylamide elastic microspheres(MPEMs) transport and retention in saturated porous media[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48(9):5329-5335. doi: 10.1021/es500077s
[9]	陈世杰, 孙雷, 潘毅, 等. 潜山油藏微球-天然气驱实验评价[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(4):468-473.
	CHEN Shijie, SUN Lei, PAN Yi, et al. Experimental evaluation on microsphere-natural gas flooding in buried-hill reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(4):468-473.
[10]	戴彩丽, 邹辰炜, 刘逸飞, 等. 弹性冻胶分散体与孔喉匹配规律及深部调控机理[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(4):427-434. doi: 10.7623/syxb201804006
	DAI Caili, ZOU Chenwei, LIU Yifei, et al. Matching principle and in-depth profile control mechanism between elastic dispersed particle gel and pore throat[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(4):427-434. doi: 10.7623/syxb201804006
[11]	舒展, 裴海华, 张贵才, 等. 稠油蒸汽驱封窜剂/洗油剂复合调驱技术[J]. 油田化学, 2020, 37(4):697-700.
	SHU Zhan, PEI Haihua, ZHANG Guicai, et al. Compound profile-control and oil displacement technology of channeling plugging agent and oil-washing agent for steam flooding[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2020, 37(4):697-700.
[12]	DENG Zhihua, LIU Ming, QIN Junhui, et al. Mechanism study of water control and oil recovery improvement by polymer gels based on nuclear magnetic resonance[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 209:109881. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109881
[13]	张子璐, 曲国辉, 支继强, 等. 自聚集型聚合物微球调驱物理模拟实验[J]. 油田化学, 2023, 40(3):433-439.
	ZHANG Zilu, QU Guohui, ZHI Jiqiang, et al. Laboratory experimental study of self-aggregation polymer microspheres for profile control and flooding[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2023, 40(3):433-439.
[14]	周海燕, 张运来, 何逸凡, 等. 新型交联聚合物微球调驱性能研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 44(6):175-182. doi: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2021.09.09.04
	ZHOU Haiyan, ZHANG Yunlai, HE Yifan, et al. A study on profile control and flooding performance of new crosslinked polymer microspheres[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2022, 44(6):175-182.
[15]	荆波, 冯其红. 非均质油藏深部调驱用聚合物微球的制备及性能评价[J]. 油田化学, 2023, 40(2):264-271.
	JING Bo, FENG Qihong. Preparation and performance evaluation of polymer microspheres for deep profile control and flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2023, 40(2):264-271.
[16]	刘江涛, 关小旭, 贺桃娥, 等. 纳米聚合物微球调剖剂的性能评价[J]. 石油与天然气化工, 2023, 52(4):77-82.
	LIU Jiangtao, GUAN Xiaoxu, HE Taoe, et al. Performance evaluation of nano-polymer microsphere profile control agent[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 2023, 52(4):77-82.
[17]	刘娅菲, 杨静雯, 姚婷玮, 等. 纳米聚合物微球对高渗透介质封堵效果评价及作用机理[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2020, 27(6):130-135.
	LIU Yafei, YANG Jingwen, YAO Tingwei, et al. Investigation and analysis on the plugging performance of nanoscale polymer microspheres on high-permeability porous media[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2020, 27(6):130-135.
[18]	吴天江, 赵燕红, 程辰, 等. 纳米聚合物微球/表面活性剂复合调驱体系评价及应用[J]. 油田化学, 2022, 39(1):46-50.
	WU Tianjiang, ZHAO Yanhong, CHENG Chen, et al. Evaluation and application of polymer microsphere and surfactant compound profile control and flooding system[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2022, 39(1):46-50.
[19]	JIN Fayang, YANG Luyue, LI Xiang, et al. Migration and plugging characteristics of polymer microsphere and EOR potential in produced-water reinjection of offshore heavy oil reservoirs[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2021, 172:291-301. doi: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.06.018
[20]	ZHAO Shuai, PU Wanfen, WEI Bing, et al. A comprehensive investigation of polymer microspheres(PMs) migration in porous media:EOR implication[J]. Fuel, 2019, 235:249-258. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.125
[21]	PU Wanfen, ZHAO Shuai, WANG Song, et al. Investigation into the migration of polymer microspheres(PMs) in porous media:Implications for profile control and oil displacement[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2018, 540:265-275. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.01.018
[22]	SHI Xuedong, YUE Xiang’an. Migration and plugging mechanisms of self-aggregated microspheres as a novel profile control[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 184:106458. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106458
[23]	WANG Zhiyong, LIN Meiqin, LI Huaike, et al. Plugging property and displacement characters of a novel high-temperature resistant polymer nanoparticle[J]. Petroleum Science, 2022, 19(1):387-396. doi: 10.1016/j.petsci.2021.08.010
[24]	CHEN Xin, LI Yiqiang, LIU Zheyu, et al. Core- and pore-scale investigation on the migration and plugging of polymer microspheres in a heterogeneous porous media[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 195:107636. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107636
[25]	HENDRANINGRAT L, ZHANG J. Polymeric nanospheres as a displacement fluid in enhanced oil recovery[J]. Applied Nanoscience, 2015, 5:1009-1016. doi: 10.1007/s13204-014-0399-x
[26]	韩培慧, 曹瑞波, 姜国庆, 等. 大庆油田聚驱后油层无碱中相自适应堵调驱实验[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2024, 43(3):147-156.
	HAN Peihui, CAO Ruibo, JIANG Guoqing, et al. Experiment of alkaline-free middle-phase self-adaptive plugging and profile control flooding in reservoirs after polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2024, 43(3):147-156.
[27]	JAMALI A, MOGHBELI M R, AMELI F, et al. Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive poly(acrylamide-co-methylenebisacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)hydrogel microspheres containing silica nanoparticles:Application in enhanced oil recovery processes[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2020, 137(12):48491. doi: 10.1002/app.v137.12

岩心编号	长度/ mm	直径/ mm	渗透率/ mD	孔隙度/ %	调驱剂注入速度/ （mL·min^-1）
1	51.31	25.06	5.0	18.65	0.10
2	51.66	24.98	10.0	17.50	0.10
3	50.17	24.97	5.0	13.29	0.20
4	52.03	25.03	10.0	12.61	0.20
5	49.95	24.95	5.0	12.82	0.30
6	51.74	25.01	10.0	16.88	0.30