玛湖凹陷风城组古沉积环境特征及其对页岩油甜点的影响

doi:10.7657/XJPG20260105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组的古沉积环境特征控制了页岩油甜点发育，但碱湖古沉积环境对页岩油甜点控制机制不清，制约了页岩油高效勘探和开发。因此，基于玛页1井风城组岩心、地球化学和测井等资料，分析了不同品质烃源岩、储集层和源-储组合形成的古水深、古气候、古盐度和古氧化还原条件，剖析了古沉积环境对页岩油甜点发育的影响。研究表明：玛页1井风城组优质Ⅰ类源-储组合形成于古水深变化相对较小、古气候相对暖湿且碳酸盐和陆源碎屑沉积物含量较高、古盐度相对较低的咸水环境和古还原条件更强的沉积环境。适宜的沉积环境为高产烃率藻类有机质絮凝和富集提供条件，促进了高初级生产力的形成，并为有机质保存提供条件，促进较低成熟度有机质大量生烃。夹层型、纹层型和纯页岩型的源-储组合分别对应Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类源-储组合，排油效率依次降低；古沉积环境通过“源-储-保”三元机制影响页岩油甜点发育。确定了风城组古沉积环境对页岩油甜点发育的控制机制，为页岩油勘探提供理论支撑。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 玛湖凹陷, 风城组, 古沉积环境, 页岩油, 甜点, 源-储组合

Abstract:

The paleo-sedimentary environment of the Permian Fengcheng formation in the Mahu sag of the Junggar Basin controlled the development of shale oil sweet spots. However, such controlling mechanism in alkaline lake environment is unclear, which restricts the efficient exploration and development for shale oil. Based on the core, geochemical and logging data of the Fengcheng formation in Well MY1, the paleo-sedimentary environment parameters (e.g. paleo-water depth, paleo-climate, paleo-salinity, and paleo-redox conditions) of different qualities of source rocks, reservoirs, and source-reservoir assemblages were analyzed, and the influences of paleo-sedimentary environment on the development of shale oil sweet spots were dissected. The results show that the Class Ⅰ high quality source-reservoir assemblages of the Fengcheng formation in Well MY1 were formed in the saltwater environment with a relatively small range of paleo-water depth, relatively warm and humid paleo-climate, relatively high contents of carbonate and terrigenous clastic sediments, and relatively low paleo-salinity, and also in the environment with stronger paleo-reduction condition. An appropriate sedimentary environment provides a possibility for the flocculation and enrichment of algae organic matters featuring a high hydrocarbon yield, promotes the formation of primary productivity, and contributes organic matter preservation conditions, allowing for extensive hydrocarbon generation from organic matters with relatively low maturity. The interlayered, laminar, and pure shale-type source-reservoir assemblages respectively correspond to the Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ source-reservoir assemblages in a descending order of oil expulsion efficiency. It is determined that the paleo-sedimentary environment controls the development of shale oil sweet spots in the Fengcheng formation through a three-factor (source-storage-preservation) mechanism. This research insight provides a theoretical support for shale oil exploration.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Mahu sag, Fengcheng formation, paleo-sedimentary environment, shale oil, sweet spot, source-reservoir assemblage

中图分类号:

TE122

陈绍蓉, 赵毅, 邹阳, 任海姣, 陈方文, 吴俊军. 玛湖凹陷风城组古沉积环境特征及其对页岩油甜点的影响[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2026, 47(1): 46-56.

CHEN Shaorong, ZHAO Yi, ZOU Yang, REN Haijiao, CHEN Fangwen, WU Junjun. Influences of Paleo-Sedimentary Environment on Shale Oil Sweet Spots in the Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2026, 47(1): 46-56.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

图6

图7

图8

参考文献 36

[1]	郭旭升, 马晓潇, 黎茂稳, 等. 陆相页岩油富集机理探讨[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6):1333-1349.
	GUO Xusheng, MA Xiaoxiao, LI Maowen, et al. Mechanisms for lacustrine shale oil enrichment in Chinese sedimentary basins[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6):1333-1349.
[2]	郭旭升, 申宝剑, 李志明, 等. 论我国页岩油气的统一性[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(5):889-905.
	GUO Xusheng, SHEN Baojian, LI Zhiming, et al. Discussion on the uniformity of shale oil and gas in China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(5):889-905.
[3]	左名圣, 陈浩, 赵杰文, 等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油藏注CO₂吞吐提高采收率机理[J]. 天然气工业, 2024, 44(4):126-134.
	ZUO Mingsheng, CHEN Hao, ZHAO Jiewen, et al. Mechanism of CO₂ EOR in shale oil reservoirs in the Jimsar sag,the Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(4):126-134.
[4]	王鸣川, 王燃, 岳慧, 等. 页岩油微观渗流机理研究进展[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(1):98-110.
	WANG Mingchuan, WANG Ran, YUE Hui, et al. Research progress of microscopic percolation mechanism of shale oil[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(1):98-110.
[5]	孙志刚, 于春磊, 陈辉, 等. 陆相页岩油开发实验技术现状与展望[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2024, 31(5):186-198.
	SUN Zhigang, YU Chunlei, CHEN Hui, et al. Progress and prospect of experimental technologies for continental shale oil development[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2024, 31(5):186-198.
[6]	李政, 包友书, 朱日房, 等. 页岩油赋存特征、可动性实验技术及研究方法进展[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2024, 31(4):84-95.
	LI Zheng, BAO Youshu, ZHU Rifang, et al. Progress in experimental techniques and research methods for shale oil occurrence characteristics and mobility[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2024, 31(4):84-95.
[7]	罗群, 红兰, 高阳, 等. 致密油源储组合差异富集机制与控藏模式:以酒泉盆地青西凹陷为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2023, 45(1):1-10.
	LUO Qun, HONG Lan, GAO Yang, et al. Differential mechanism of tight oil enrichment and reservoir controlling model of source and reservoir combinations:A case study of Qingxi sag,Jiuquan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2023, 45(1):1-10.
[8]	李建忠, 郑民, 陈晓明, 等. 非常规油气内涵辨析、源-储组合类型及中国非常规油气发展潜力[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(5):521-532.
	LI Jianzhong, ZHENG Min, CHEN Xiaoming, et al. Connotation analyses,source-reservoir assemblage types and development potential of unconventional hydrocarbon in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(5):521-532.
[9]	李娜, 李卉, 刘鸿, 等. 玛湖凹陷玛页1井风城组页岩油地质甜点优选[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(3):271-278.
	LI Na, LI Hui, LIU Hong, et al. Optimization of geological sweet spots for shale oil in Fengcheng formation in Well Maye-1,Mahu sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(3):271-278.
[10]	REMÍREZ M N, ALGEO T J. Paleosalinity determination in ancient epicontinental seas:A case study of the T-OAE in the Cleveland Basin(UK)[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2020, 201:103072. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103072
[11]	WEI Wei, ALGEO T J. Elemental proxies for paleosalinity analysis of ancient shales and mudrocks[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2020, 287:341-366. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.034
[12]	DIDYK B M, SIMONEIT B R T, BRASSELL S C, et al. Organic geochemical indicators of palaeoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation[J]. Nature, 1978, 272:216-222. doi: 10.1038/272216a0
[13]	龚德瑜, 刘泽阳, 何文军, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组有机质多元富集机制[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2024, 51(2):260-272. doi: 10.11698/PED.20230673
	GONG Deyu, LIU Zeyang, HE Wenjun, et al. Multiple enrichment mechanisms of organic matter in the Fengcheng formation of Mahu sag,Junggar Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2024, 51(2):260-272.
[14]	KALUGIN I, SELEGEI V, GOLDBERG E, et al. Rhythmic fine-grained sediment deposition in Lake Teletskoye,Altai,Siberia,in relation to regional climate change[J]. Quaternary International, 2005, 136(1):5-13. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.003
[15]	贾承造, 王祖纲, 姜林, 等. 中国页岩油勘探开发研究进展与科学技术问题[J]. 世界石油工业, 2024, 31(4):1-11.
	JIA Chengzao, WANG Zugang, JIANG Lin, et al. Progress and key scientific and technological problems of shale oil exploration and development in China[J]. World Petroleum Industry, 2024, 31(4):1-11.
[16]	马跃, 向卿谊, 丁康乐. 国内外油页岩工业发展现状[J]. 世界石油工业, 2024, 31(1):16-25.
	MA Yue, XIANG Qingyi, DING Kangle. Development of oil shale at home and abroad[J]. World Petroleum Industry, 2024, 31(1):16-25.
[17]	支东明, 冷筠滢, 谢安, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组泥页岩生物标志化合物特征与赋存状态研究[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(5):954-964.
	ZHI Dongming, LENG Junying, XIE An, et al. Characteristics and occurrence states of shale biomarker compounds in Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(5):954-964.
[18]	赵喆, 白斌, 刘畅, 等. 中国石油陆上中—高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2):327-340.
	ZHAO Zhe, BAI Bin, LIU Chang, et al. Current status,advances,and prospects of CNPC’s exploration of onshore moderately to highly mature shale oil reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2):327-340.
[19]	秦志军, 陈丽华, 李玉文, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组碱湖古沉积背景[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2016, 37(1):1-6.
	QIN Zhijun, CHEN Lihua, LI Yuwen, et al. Paleo-sedimentary setting of the Lower Permian Fengcheng alkali lake in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2016, 37(1):1-6.
[20]	钱永新, 邹阳, 赵辛楣, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷玛页1井二叠系风城组全井段岩心剖析与油气地质意义[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2022, 12(1):204-214.
	QIAN Yongxin, ZOU Yang, ZHAO Xinmei, et al. Full core analysis and petroleum geological significance of Permian Fengcheng formation in Well MY1,Mahu sag[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2022, 12(1):204-214.
[21]	邹阳, 韦盼云, 曹元婷, 等. 碱湖型页岩油“甜点”分类与主控因素:以准噶尔盆地风城组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(3):458-470. doi: 10.7623/syxb202303005
	ZOU Yang, WEI Panyun, CAO Yuanting, et al. Classification and main controlling factors of sweet spots of alkaline lake type shale oil:A case study of Fengcheng formation in Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(3):458-470. doi: 10.7623/syxb202303005
[22]	张志杰, 袁选俊, 汪梦诗, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积特征与古环境演化[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(6):972-984. doi: 10.11698/PED.2018.06.05
	ZHANG Zhijie, YUAN Xuanjun, WANG Mengshi, et al. Alkaline-lacustrine deposition and paleoenvironmental evolution in Permian Fengcheng formation at the Mahu sag,Junggar Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(6):972-984.
[23]	唐勇, 郑孟林, 王霞田, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩沉积古环境[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(5):677-692. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2022.01.009
	TANG Yong, ZHENG Menglin, WANG Xiatian, et al. Sedimentary paleoenvironment of source rocks of Fengcheng formation in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2022, 33(5):677-692. doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2022.01.009
[24]	邹阳, 戚艳平, 宋栋, 等. 玛页1井风城组页岩油藏地质特征及甜点评价[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(6):714-723.
	ZOU Yang, QI Yanping, SONG Dong, et al. Geological characteristics and sweet spot evaluation of shale oil reservoir in Fengcheng formation in Well Maye-1[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(6):714-723.
[25]	何文军, 宋永, 汤诗棋, 等. 玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组全油气系统成藏机理[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(6):663-673.
	HE Wenjun, SONG Yong, TANG Shiqi, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of total petroleum system in Permian Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(6):663-673.
[26]	朱越, 伍顺伟, 邓玉森, 等. 玛湖凹陷风城组储集层孔喉结构及流体赋存特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(3):286-295.
	ZHU Yue, WU Shunwei, DENG Yusen, et al. Pore throat structures and fluid occurrences of reservoirs in Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(3):286-295.
[27]	张涛, 王琳霖, 廖慧鸿, 等. 沉积盆地古水深恢复方法与研究进展[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 2024, 44(3):582-599.
	ZHANG Tao, WANG Linlin, LIAO Huihong, et al. Methods and research progress of paleo-water depth reconstruction in sedimentary basins[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2024, 44(3):582-599.
[28]	贾建亮. 基于地球化学-地球物理的松辽盆地上白垩统油页岩识别与资源评价[D]. 吉林: 吉林大学, 2012.
	JIA Jianliang. Research on the recognition and resource evaluation of the Upper Cretaceous oil shale based on geochemistry-geophysics technique in the Songliao Basin(NE,China)[D]. Jilin: Jilin University, 2012.
[29]	金章东, 张恩楼. 湖泊沉积物Rb/Sr比值的古气候含义[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2002, 2(3):20-22.
	JIN Zhangdong, ZHANG Enlou. Paleoclimate implications of Rb/Sr ratios from lake sediments[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2002, 2(3):20-22.
[30]	魏巍, ALGEO T J, 陆永潮, 等. 古盐度指标与渤海湾盆地古近系海侵事件初探[J]. 沉积学报, 2021, 39(3):571-592.
	WEI Wei, ALGEO T J, LU Yongchao, et al. Paleosalinity proxies and marine incursions into the Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin lake system,northeastern China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2021, 39(3):571-592.
[31]	MOLDOWAN J M, WOLFGANG K S, GALLEGOS E J. Relationship between petroleum composition and depositional environment of petroleum source rocks[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1985, 69:1255-1268.
[32]	JONES B, MANNING D A C. Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of Palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J]. Chemical Geology, 1994, 111:111-129. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90085-X
[33]	HATCH J R, LEVENTHAL J S. Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian(Missourian) Stark shale member of the Dennis limestone,Wabaunsee county,Kansas,USA[J]. Chemical Geology, 1992, 99:65-82. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90031-Y
[34]	CAO Jian, XIA Liuwen, WANG Tingting, et al. An alkaline lake in the Late Paleozoic Ice Age(LPIA):A review and new insights into paleoenvironment and petroleum geology[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2020, 202:103091. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103091
[35]	BASKIN D K, PETERS K E. Early generation characteristics of a sulfur-rich monterey kerogen[J]. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 1992, 76(1):1-13.
[36]	李二庭, 潘越扬, 杨光庆, 等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组不同源储结构页岩生排油实验研究[J]. 石油实验地质, 2023, 45(4):705-713.
	LI Erting, PAN Yueyang, YANG Guangqing, et al. Experimental study on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of shale with different source-reservoir structures in Lucaogou formation,Jimsar sag,Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2023, 45(4):705-713.

源-储组合级别	烃源岩级别	储集层级别	总有机碳含量/%	氯仿沥青“A” 含量/%	孔隙度/ %	裂缝线密度/ （条·dm^-1）	含油饱和度指数/（mg·g^-1）
Ⅰ类源-储组合	优质	优质	>1.0	>0.20	>2	>8	>75
Ⅰ类源-储组合	优质	中等	>1.0	>0.20	>2	>8	>75
Ⅱ类源-储组合	中等	优质	0.5~1.0	0.10~0.20	>2	>8	>75
	中等	中等	0.5~1.0	0.10~0.20	>2	>8	>75
	优质	一般	>1.0	>0.20	<2	<8	50~75
Ⅲ类源-储组合	中等	一般	0.5~1.0	0.10~0.20	<2	<8	50~75
	一般	优质	<0.5	<0.10
		中等
		一般