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01 February 2003, Volume 24 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Formation and Development of Viewpoint about Chinese-Subduction LUO Zhi-li, LIU Shu-gen, YONG Zi-quan, ZHAO Xi-kui, TIAN Zuo-ji, SONG Hong-biao 2003, 24 (1):  1-7+5.  Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (1369KB) ( 303 )   Save Following the Chinese-subduction (C-subduction for short) viewpoint proposed by Prof. Luo Zhi-li in 1984, it resounded inten-sively in China's geology circles. In the past near 20 years, this viewpoint has been verified by more and more geological phenomenon, and accepted by more and more people. According to the viewpoint, suggestions are made that C-subduction belt is between old folded mountains and inland basin marginal depressions in geotectonic location; in the early stage, it belongs to normal faults followed by reverse faults in the late stage, becoming active sliding subduction faults along mountains in basinal depression margin; it is in good oil-generating conditions: in the early stage of shaping thrust belt tend to be thicker marine and continental-marine interaction deposits,in the late stage form foredeep basins, in Meso-Cenozoic appear favorable oil-generating environment of lake facies; Qinghai-Tibet highland growing up is related to the C- subduction activity along Longmenshan mountain besides associating with collision between India Plate and Eurasia Plate in Cenozoic; C-subduction occurs not only in western-central China, but also in easterm China. Hence, this C-subduction viewpoint enriches and perfects the models about forming Meso-Cenozoic orogenic zone in plate theory,which definitely is an innovation on geotectonic theory made by Chinese geology researchers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On Structural Framework Evolution of China 's Petroliferous Basins GUO Zhan-qian 2003, 24 (1):  8-12+5.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (479KB) ( 229 )   Save China's continental crust has peculiarities on its own, that is, China Platform-the core of the crust. It is the smallest one with latitudinal stretching among nine global platforms. Following formation of Pangea, China's continental crust faced in geodynamic environment compressed on all sides for generation of the Pacific plate and enlargement of India ocean. Stress response of lower-arching and upper-spreading occurred in the lithosphere of it, hence its geotectonic framework appeared as faultblock architectures characterized by faulting activity. Consequently, China's petroliferous basins have their basin-forming mechanisms changing from pre-Jurassic geosyncline-platform system of oceanic open and/or close into rift system of continental open and/or close; geotectonic framework changing from pre-Jurassic lati-tudinal structures stretching to E-W into post-Jurassic longitudinal structures stretching to N-N-E in its east part; sedimentary types changing from pre-Jurassic primary marine deposit into post-Jurassic primary continental deposit. Therefore, China's petroliferous basins underwentone conversion, two eras and three changing frameworks. All the basins are divided by the deep fault network penetrating lithosphere or crust into two groups or four zones to east and west, it is which that these basins possess petroleum geological characteristics dominated by primary oil-gas reservoirs to eastern China and by secondary oil-gas reservoirs to western China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Differentiation and Analysis of Ordovician Reservoir Types in South Slope of Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin ZHANG Kang 2003, 24 (1):  13-18+5-4.  Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (626KB) ( 244 )   Save The marine oil-gas fields have undergone multistage petroleum accumulations and post-reconstructions. They should belong to quasi primary reservoirs for they are not typical primary reservoirs and clearly different from secondary reservoirs with marine-source and continental reservoir in nature. Therefore, carbonate rocks with irregular karst and fissure-cavity won't be named as reservoir rock or caprock rather than as reservoir body or sealing system. The irregular reservoir body can be divided into Naxi type, Tahe type and Renqiu type, in which developed extent of karst and fissure-cavity as well as connected degree between isolated reservoir bodies are in increase in order, including flow property, oil-gas-water contact and universal pressure system. Tahe reservoir is neither stratified and blocky, nor stratigraphic unconformity and weathered crust reservoirs. It is network-like reservoir in which oil-gas-water property, contact and pressure appear in obvious difference. There exist assemblages of multi-type reservoir bodies in Ackule salient and Tahe area. This uplift is of macro petroliferous property and inhomogenous feature. Well test and production test are main tools for evaluation of this type of reservoir, while acid fracturing deconstruction is a “conventionalv procedure in the exploration and development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Discussion on Earthquakes versus Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Exploitation LI Da-wei 2003, 24 (1):  19-23+4.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (470KB) ( 392 )   Save Hydrocarbon is one of the most important energy nowadays in the world. In 1997, oil and gas account for 63% of global energy consumption structure. Hydrocarbon in generation, migration, accumulation and dispersion and earthquake generate or occur in upper part of the crust, there exists consequence between them. Earthquakes may affect hydrocarbon accumulation and exploitation; on the contrary, the latter may induce or restrict the earthquake movement; but the former is more powerful than the latter. This paper, in view of forming mechanism of an earthquake and mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation, discussed and reviewed the relations between earthquakes and oil/gas accumulation and reservoir development; pointed out how to apply them into petroleum exploration and development for the purpose of offering some helpful information as reference to petroleum exploration and development as well as earthquake researches from the view point of the multi-subject intersections. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Formation and Evolution of Meso-Cenozoic Petroleum Systems in Caidam Basin WANG Ming-ru 2003, 24 (1):  24-26+4.  Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (494KB) ( 289 )   Save This paper divides Meso-Cenozoic in Caidam basin into three petroleum systems of Jurassic, Tertiary and Quaternary, among which Jurassic system is oil and gas half system, Tertiary is one dominated by oil, and Quaternary is one by gas. The formation and evolution of these three petroleum systems are analyzed. Based on the distribution of source rocks and generated oil and gas, the ranges of each system distribution are classified: Jurassic petroleum system is in northern Caidam basin, with E-W stretching band dominated by fault block zone in its northern margin toward Jianshan, Yahu and Yanhu areas in south; Tertiary petroleum system is mainly along Mangya depression in western Caidam basin, stretching along Yiligou, Hongsanhan No.4, boat like dome and Huangshi Structures; while Quaternary gas-bearing system is distributed in Sanhu depression of center-eastern Caidam basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics and Comparison of Petroleum Systems in Faulted Basin Group-an example of Wuerxun and Beir sags in Hailar basin LUO Qun, PANG Xiong-qi 2003, 24 (1):  27-30+6.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (524KB) ( 325 )   Save In same faulted group, different faulted sags are of both relative independency and common geologic regularity that control the distinct properties and inter-relations for individual petroleum system. In view of features of geologic structure, strata and source-reservoir-caprock assemblage, this paper makes a classification and comparison of six petroleum systems in nature composed of Wuerxun and Beir sags, etc., based on basic principle of petroleum system and its faulted structural pattern, faulting developed feature, reservoir type and distribution. Furthermore, this paper presents five types of petroleum system models such as double-faulting reverse, fault-overlapping reverse, fault-overlapping tandem, simple double-faulting and inorganic CO2 types, by which prediction of other sub-faulted types of petroleum systems in Hailar basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Sequence Stratigraphy of Baijiahai-Wucaiwan Area in East Junggar Basin XIE Qing-bin, GUAN Shou-rui, HAN Jun, LI Pei-jun 2003, 24 (1):  31-34+4-3.  Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (712KB) ( 192 )   Save According to principle of continental sequence stratigraphy and specific property of alluvial system, applying principle about base-level cycle in high resolution sequence stratigraphy, this paper studied the relation between accommodating space growth rate and sedi-ment supply rate,by which the characteristics of system tract and deposit system in various conditions were defined. It is concluded that a complet set of sequenses should consist of several system tracts such as alluvial filling, transgressive and regressive, and fluvial ones. Note that transgressive and regressive system tracts are not developed instead of alluvial filling and fluvial system tracts when remainder accommo-dation space is not enough; while upper fluvial system tract is hard to remain because of denudation from the continuous falling of datum level. Furthermore, four sequences have been defined based on study of Cangfanggou and Xiaoquangou groups in east Junggar basin. In Se-quence A and D, transgressive and regressive system tracts are developed; in Sequence B and C, alluvial flling and fluvial system tracts de-veloped References | Related Articles | Metrics

Sealing Effect of Faults on Petroleum Migration and Accumula-tion in Bohu Depression of Yanqi Basin GAO Xian-zhi, CHEN Xiang, YUAN Jian- xiang, QU Yu-lu 2003, 24 (1):  35-37+3.  Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (473KB) ( 210 )   Save Yanqi basin is one of Jurassic petroliferous basins in Xinjiang region, western China. To find out traps related to faults is an important target for petroleum exploration in next few years. Applying fault daubing technique integrated with the history of faulting move-ment, this paper analyzed the sealing effects of a few major faults in Bohu depression of Yanqi basin, as well as their effects on petroleum mi-gration and accumulation. This provides valuable basis for study of hydrocarbon reservoir mechanism and evaluation of fault closure in Yanqi basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Characteristics of Low Permeability Conglomerate Reservoir in Xiagou Formation of Lower Cretaceous in Qingxi Oilfield DU Wen-bo, CHEN Jian-jun, CHENG Shao-lin, YANG Lin-ke, FANG Guo-yu, ZHANG Jian-guo, WANG Man-fu 2003, 24 (1):  38-40+3.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (600KB) ( 227 )   Save The conglomerate reservoir in Xiagou formation of Lower Cretaceous (K1g) in Qingxi oilfield is a kind of deep fratural-porous reservoir. Oil pool is usually buried in 4 200~4 600 m in depth. The matrix porosity is less than 8%, the matrix permeability is less than 1×10-3μm2. Because high-angle fractures are well developed in the reservoir, flowing performance of it is improved. By using some techniques of rock composition, pore type and assemblage, pore structure, NMR, well log and test integrated with the results from fractural planar prediction, we make a research in reservoir prediction and get good effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study of Sedimentary Facies of Cangfanggou Group in Bajiahai-Wucaiwan Area of East Junggar Basin FENG Xing-qiang, YANG Chang-chun, GUAN Shou-rui, LI Qing-long 2003, 24 (1):  41-43+3.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (502KB) ( 210 )   Save According to available data from Cangfanggou group in Baijiahai-Wucaiwan area of East Junggar basin, six types of sedimentary facies are identified, in which each lithology feature, sedimentary structure and vertical sequence are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, planar distribution of the facies are described. Finally, the sedimentary model has been developed, which offers a reliable basis for further exploration of its favorable petroliferous facies in this area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Depositional Model and Reservoir Characteristics of Carboniferous Thin Sandstone in Hadeson-4 Oilfield, Tarim Basin SUN Li-xia, ZHOU Yong, LI Yu-ping, HAN Jian-fa, ZHANG Ya-guang, LI Xiu-rong, LI Wen-hua 2003, 24 (1):  44-46+3.  Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (485KB) ( 209 )   Save Tidal flat deposit formed under dry and hot climate occurs in Carboniferous shale segment of Mangal sag in Tarim basin, in which Hade son area appears to be inter-tidal flat deposit for its particular old uplift setting that was submerged or come out depending on the high tide or low tide. During the super-tide with enriched sandstone, sand sheet with thin deposit, large area and better connection was deposited on the old uplift. Under the winnowed and sieve processes, geometry, thickness and physical property of the sand sheet were all changed. It is believed that the sand sheet is a high quality of reservoir, and may contain enriched crude oil. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Control Factors on Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Jurassic in Alashan Fault Block YANG Fu-zhong, JIA Yan-peng, HU She-rong 2003, 24 (1):  47-49+2.  Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (535KB) ( 217 )   Save The differential structure process found in Alashan fault block results in no well-developed source rocks in Bayinhaote basin; the source rock in Chaoshui basin reaches mature stage, but seldom well-developed source rocks occur due to multiple small sub-sags formed by synsedimentary faulting activity. Hence, it is hard to shape commercial medium- and small-scaled oil and gas fields. In Yabulai basin, huge thick and good source beds are developed, but because of sedimentary center migration and structural denudation, which leads to nonmature condition in fine source rock segment, it is also unable to form commercial fields. Moreover, in Chaoshui and Yabulai basins, owing to their absence of developed source rocks beyond Jurassic, commercial fields won't be found in the future. The study results indicate that the major factors controlling scale and shape of Jurassic coal-bearing reservoirs are the suitable structural superimposing conditions, matured and a certain quantity or quality of effective source beds as well as multi-complete sets of cyclic quasi-sequence group with lake level variations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fractural Distribution and Reservoir-Formed Stress Field in Medium Buried Hill Zone of Huanxiling Oilfield ZHOU Xin-gui, ZHANG Li-rong, ZHANG Ming-li, YUAN Jia-ying, HUANG Fui, LIANG Yi-ping 2003, 24 (1):  50-54+2.  Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (768KB) ( 296 )   Save To find out buried hill reservoir is an important exploration realm for old oil regions like Liaohe oilfield. However, the extent of fractural development and distribution pattern in buried hill zone can directly affect potential and scale of the buried hill reservoir. For this key point in fracture study, finite element procedure and self-developed post-processing software have been applied to simulate and calculate in detail 2D stress field under large scale and parameter survey condition along with prediction analysis of the fractures. Taking Huanxiling oilfield located in western Liaohe basin as an example, this paper presented basic ideas for detailed simulating and calculating the fractural distribution and 2D stress field, analyzed the basic feature of the oilfield's stress field distribution in reservoir-formed stage of Dongying formation and its faulting stress field characteristics, and discussed oil-controlled effect of the fault, hence defined the extent of fracture development in medium buried hill. Finally, this paper proposed reasonable evaluation of it, which provides the study idea and method for the buried hill reservoir and accumulation condition. These can be as guide for exploration and development of the petroliferous basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Growth Curves Expressed by Trigonometric Function to Predict Indexes of Oilfield Development YU Qi-tai 2003, 24 (1):  55-58+2.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (540KB) ( 263 )   Save Six growth curves used for prediction of oilfield development indexes expressed with trigonometric function are proposed, thusperfecting and abounding in the existed growth curve methods further. The cumulative production (Np) VS time (t), production (Qt) vs t, Qt vs Np, calculation formulae of the ratio of Np to maximum recoverable reserves (NRmax) corresponding to the peak production (Qtmax), $(N_p/N_{R\ max})_{Q_{t\ max}}$ amwocriterion, and the formulae for obtaining the parameters of the growth curves were proposed and derived. Study of these growth curves indicatethat they are similar in characteristics; $(N_p/N_{R\ max})_{Q_{t\ max}}$ ranges from 0 to 0.36785, which belongs to situation of peak procuction Qtmax appears inthe early stage of oilfield development; Qt vs Np for them assumes dissymmetrical arched curves on the rectangular coordinates. Moreover, therepeated linear regression method passed the origin for obtaining the parameters of these curves is presented. A case from Shuanghe oilfieldshows that these growth curves have certain applicable values. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research of Experiment and Modeling on Wax Precipitation MEI Hai-yan, ZHANG Mao-lin, LI Min, HE Xing-fan, SUN Lei, LI Shi-lun 2003, 24 (1):  59-61+2.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (416KB) ( 222 )   Save The precipitation of wax and asphaltene has brought serious problems in production and petrochemical process of oil and gas. In order to mitigate the damage caused by the precipitation of organic solid, the research of solid precipitation and modeling, which can offer a basis for the production, transportation and petrochemical process for oil and gas, is necessary. The laser technique can test solid precipitatio at high temperature and pressure for a system of oil and gas. The thermodynamic model of oil-gas-solid phase equilibrium can be used in production efoil and gasas. well as solid precipitationmedeling in presssof gas injestionin which oil-gas-solid phase behavior conyersion occurs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reservoir Engineering Procedure for Defining NaturalWater Body Volume in Hongnan Oilfield LI Hong-cheng, ZHU Yi-jing, LI Xu-dong, MA Qing-yun, JIANG Tao 2003, 24 (1):  62-64+1.  Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (207KB) ( 189 )   Save According to the characteristics of natural water drive reservoir and principle of material balance,this paper discussed the method for determination of natural water body volume in an oilfield by using its geological parameters and production history data,and re-spectively adopted volumetric method, reservoir numerical simulation method and reservoir engineering method to calculate the water body volume in Cretaceous reservoir of Hongnan oilfield. Comparatively, the latter two methods are more consistent in estimated results. However, the reservoir engineering method for estimating the water body volume has shown the rapid, proper and practical advantages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Definition and Application of Reasonable Reserve-Production Ratio for Oil-Gas Field GAO Wen-jun, WANG Qian, XU Bing-tao 2003, 24 (1):  65-67+1.  Abstract ( 179 )   PDF (309KB) ( 221 )   Save The reserve-production ratio is an index of ensuring production from an oil-gas field. The higher it is, the bigger possibility of realizing stabilized production is. If the ratio is less than certain numerical value,the related oilfield development will turn into declining stage. This paper, based on theoretical study of Arps and Logistic production declining equations, derives the expressions of the ratio vs time for production following different declining laws, respectively. Among them, the cutoff values of reserve-production ratio for stable production as necessary can be directly defined at t=0. The studied results provide reliable theoretical basis for analysis, evaluation and planning of anoil-gas field's stabilized production status. The actual cases have shown very good effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Fuzzy Analog Optimum Seeking Method in Comprehensive Evaluation of Reservoir ZHAO Wan-hong, LIU Quan-xin, YUE Fu-sheng, LI Ji-yuan, ZHAO Jian-dong 2003, 24 (1):  68-71+1.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (599KB) ( 167 )   Save Yaxi reservoir of Cretaceous is characterized by dense lithology, poor petrophysics, low porosity, low permeability and high shaliness. This paper comprehensively applied the various data from drilling, well logging, cutting logging, core analysis and production test, and statistically analyzed the consequences among lithology, petrophysical, petroliferous and electric properties. By defining these sensitive parameters and applying fuzzy analog optimum seeking method, the subordinate function between factor set and point set of reservoirs is established, obtaining corresponding matrix with this method. In the truncated processing of matrix, consideration of several geological parameters from well logs is used to judge their similarities and preferred rating, finally, offering results of the evaluation of reservoir characteristics. Field application of this method shows good effects in geological studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reservoir Sands Description Using Well Log ConstrainInversion Method JIN Jun, TAN Ji-qiang, LI Tian-ming, ZHI Dong-ming, NING Liang 2003, 24 (1):  72-74+1.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (467KB) ( 277 )   Save The great advantage of well log constraint inversion technique is in that it can effectively supplement insufficiency of limited seismic bandwidth using rich high-frequency information of well log data and complete low-frequency component,and provide more reliable basis for fine reservoir description by inversion and obtained high resolution impedance data according to given geologic information and well log data as constrain conditions. This paper offers fine description and analysis of oil-bearing sands in Beisantai Arch by means of this method, thus enriching interpretation results of seismic data, effectively improving interpretation accuracy. In addition, this paper discusses the principle of seismic inversion, suitable conditions and applicable effectiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Resurvey of Oil Source Theory by Breakthrough of Thought Bondages-a contend about oil source theory LI Qing-zhong 2003, 24 (1):  75-83+1-0.  Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (474KB) ( 282 )   Save Organic source theory shows various indexes that do objectively play a role of guiding oil-finding efforts, but it could be in big issues for its own. Present source theory may only be substantially as a caprock index and a direct oil-finding index similar to oil seepage. U-Up to now, no one has proven by experiment that organic matter at low temperature (whether continental facies or marine facies) can generate crude. This paper lists more than twenty contradictions or inconsistencies existed in present organic source theory, and offers a lot of new situations appeared recently which are in favor of inorganic source theory in contrary. For the future, if inorganic source theory is universally accepted, sedimentary rocks, especially under the caprock, will still be targeted for oil, but one might have the courage to explore new areas and new sequences, thanks to breakthrough of thought bondages. Moreover, one may pay more attention to searching for fault-related reservoirs. Otherwise, if one's thinking is astricted in frame of organic theory, a few oil-gas fields can be missed to discovery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Re-Discussion on “Definition and Dating of Petroleum Gener-ation and Migration” YUE Fu-sheng, ZHANG Jing-lian, CAO Zhen-lin, LI Xiang-bo 2003, 24 (1):  84-86+0.  Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (197KB) ( 260 )   Save The timing of petroleum generation, migration and accumulation is an interesting problem for petroleum geologists and geo-chemists. The authors review and discuss present seven methods used in petroleum accumulation geochronology,including the radioactive isotope dating method proposed by Zhang Jing-lian et al in 1993 and its research advances in recent 10 years to date. It is pointed out that study of isotopes such as Pb,Sr and Nd in petroleum geology should be made at present, enabling development of petroleum accumulation geochronology to be effectively promoted, thanks to the need of intersection or infiltration between subjects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Advances in Research on Foreland Basin WU Yang-yang, FENG Jun 2003, 24 (1):  87-91+0.  Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (489KB) ( 619 )   Save A foreland basin is defined as a sedimentary basin deposited between frontal margin of orogenic belt and its adjacent craton. It can be divided into four structural elements such as wedge-top, foredeep, forebulge and back-bulge depo-zones. There are three kinds of foreland basins classified in terms of origin and location: peripheral foreland basin, retroarc foreland basin and regenerated foreland basin. The evolution of it is a dynamic process with the feature of progressive development. A foreland basin mainly undergoes common processes of topographic load, subduction load, dynamic plate load, thus resulting in lithosphere flexure. A foreland basin always occurs with compressional orogenic belt in pairs, showing distinct coupling and complementary nature. In a foreland basin, the most favorable hydrocarbon accumulation is the following structural locations: faulted-extensional anticline and decollement anticline on thrust faults in floor of double thrust structural zone, fault expanding fold of buried thrust fault front and “triangular domain" included by passive top double thrust structural zones. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Formation Division and Sedi-mentary Characteristics of Carboniferous in Zanazor Oilfield YONG Tian-shou, YANG Rui-qi, GUAN Wei-dong, LONG Feng-jiang, YANG Zhi, DING Yi 2003, 24 (1):  92-95+0.  Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (697KB) ( 266 )   Save Zanazor condensate field is the first big oil-gas field in Middle-Asia area among its foreign research projects contracted by PetroChina Xinjiang 0il. According to a lot of data from exploratory and production well logs, core descriptions as well as core lab analyses, an extensive correlation is conducted among Zanazor field, Darwatz basin and Fergana basin in this area, on which more reasonable classifica-tion is performed of Carboniferous, the major petroliferous sequence. Hence, previous boundary between Upper Carboniferous and Lower Per-mian is modified in this paper, confirming three litho-pseudoconformities existed within the Carboniferous and other abrasion surfaces. Fur-thermore,the sequence is subdivided into 5 sections of reservoirs which include 19 layers in terms of sedimentary cycle mechanism analysis; the fine depositional facies is studied firstly followed by definition of the primary facies as neritic open tableland facies and restricted platform facies. These results provide solid geologic basis for development of Zanazor field. Related Articles | Metrics