珠江口盆地阳江东凹断层特征及其对油气成藏的影响

doi:10.7657/XJPG20200405

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珠江口盆地阳江东凹断层发育,所发现的油气与断层密切相关。通过区域地质背景、地震、钻井等资料,对阳江东凹的断层特征及其对油气成藏的影响进行了总结与分析。阳江东凹发育“下断上拗”2套断层系统,根据断层的规模、发育时间、作用等特征,可划分为一级控洼断层、二级控圈断层和三级调节断层;根据断层的发育期次,可划分为早期型断层、长期型断层和晚期型断层3种类型。断层的发育和演化对阳江东凹圈闭形成、油气运移和侧向封堵具有控制作用。一级控洼断层和二级控圈断层控制了凹陷内二级构造带及构造圈闭的形成;Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类输导断层的垂向输导能力有较大差异,其中Ⅰ类输导断层输导能力最强,可将油气垂向运移至1 500 m以浅;北西—南东走向的张扭性断层侧向封堵能力好,利于油气规模富集。

关键词: 珠江口盆地, 阳江东凹, 断层, 油气运移, 圈闭, 成藏, 控藏

Abstract:

Faults are developed in the eastern Yangjiang sag of Pearl River Mouth basin, and the discovered hydrocarbon in the sag is closely related to faults. Based on the regional geological setting, seismic and drilling data, fault characteristics and its impacts are summarized and analyzed. Two sets of fault systems, namely “lower fault and upper depression”, are developed in the eastern Yangjaing sag. According to fault scale, development time and impact, the faults in the sag are divided into first-class fault controlling sags, second-class fault controlling traps and third-class accommodation fault. According to fault development stage, the faults are divided into early fault, long-term fault and late faults. The development and evolution of the faults control the formation of traps, hydrocarbon migration and lateral sealing. The formation of secondary structural belts and structural traps in the sag are controlled by the first-class faults controlling sags and second-class faults controlling traps. TypeⅠ, typeⅡ and typeⅢ transporting faults have greatly different vertical delivery capabilities, among which the typeⅠhas the strongest delivery capability and can vertically transport oil and gas to the strata with the depth of 1500 m or less. The NW-SE trending faults are compressional and have good lateral sealing ability, which are favorable for large scaled petroleum accumulation.

Key words: Pearl River Mouth basin, eastern Yangjiang sag, fault, hydrocarbon migration, trap, petroleum accumulation, controlling factor

中图分类号:

TE112.4

杜晓东, 彭光荣, 吴静, 张志伟, 许新明, 朱定伟. 珠江口盆地阳江东凹断层特征及其对油气成藏的影响[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2020, 41(4): 414-421.

DU Xiaodong, PENG Guangrong, WU Jing, ZHANG Zhiwei, XU Xinming, ZHU Dingwei. Faults and Its Impacts on Petroleum Accumulation in Eastern Yangjiang Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020, 41(4): 414-421.

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洼陷	走向	结构特征	结构样式
阳江24洼	北东东—南西西	F2断层控制,北断南超	半地堑
恩平19洼	近东西	F2和F3断层控制,早期南断北超、晚期双断	复式半地堑
恩平20洼	近东西	F4和F5断层控制,各时期活动性均衡,南北双断	不对称地堑
恩平21洼	北东东—南西西	F6断层控制,南断北超,断块旋转强烈	低角度半地堑

输导断层类别	活动时期	切割层位	韩江组沉积晚期活动速率/（m·Ma-1）	粤海组沉积期至今活动速率/（m·Ma-1）	充注构造	油气显示最浅深度/m	油气显示最浅层段
Ⅰ类	始新统—更新统	前古近系—万山组	>23	>18	Y10	1 500	韩江组下段
					Y11	1 200	韩江组上段
					Y12	1 550	珠江组上段
					Y13	1 600	韩江组下段
					Y15	1 200	韩江组上段
Ⅱ类	中新统	前古近系—万山组	8~23	7~18	Y16	1 900	珠江组上段
Ⅲ类	中新统	文昌组—韩江组	<8	<7	Y14	2 500	珠江组下段