美国重点页岩油区勘探开发进展及启示

doi:10.7657/XJPG20210518

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据美国二叠盆地、威利斯顿盆地Bakken区带、墨西哥湾盆地Eagle Ford区带等重点页岩油区的地质特征、储量、产量、钻井和开发技术进展,分析了美国页岩油的发展趋势,并总结经验启示,以期为中国页岩油的发展提供借鉴。分析表明,二叠盆地是美国页岩油储量和产量最高的地区,主要产区为Spraberry和Wolfcamp区带,未来也将处于愈加重要的地位。2020年受新冠肺炎疫情影响,美国三大主力产区油气钻机数量和页岩油产量整体呈现先下降后增加的趋势,超低油价驱动油公司采取新一轮技术革新和降本措施提高单井产量。借鉴美国页岩油勘探开发的经验,中国页岩油应优先选择成熟度较高的轻质油和凝析油展开部署,并跟踪学习美国凝析油藏的开发技术;甜点分级评价是美国页岩油高效开发的基础,在低油价下作用尤为明显;中国页岩油要实现高效开发还有很长的路要走,技术进步是页岩油降本增效的核心,因此在勘探开发初期就要重视技术攻关。建议对中国页岩油勘探开发开展全生命周期管理和地质工程一体化技术管理模式,探索出页岩油高效开发、迅速降本增效的新途径。

关键词: 页岩油, 勘探开发, 美国, 中国, 二叠盆地, 威利斯顿盆地, 墨西哥湾盆地, 产量, 启示

Abstract:

We reviewed the geological features, reserves, production, drilling activities and progress of development technology in major shale oil zones in the Permian basin, the Bakken area in the Williston basin and the Eagle Ford area in the Gulf of Mexico basin, analyzed the development trend of shale oil in the USA, and summarized the experience and enlightenment from the USA, with the intent to provide a reference to the development of shale oil in China. The results show that the Permian basin has the highest reserves and production of shale oil in the USA, which is mainly produced from the Spraberry zone and the Wolfcamp zone, and they will also be of great importance in the future. In 2020, influenced by COVID-19, the amount of drilling rigs and the oil production in the three major shale oil zones mentioned above first declined and then increased, and the ultra-low oil prices drove a new round of technological innovation and cost-cutting measures to increase well production in oil companies. By referring to the experiences in shale oil exploration and development in the USA, to develop shale oil in China, priority should be given to highly matured light oil and condensate oil, and the advanced development technologies of condensate oil reservoirs in the USA should be studied and followed. Grading evaluation of sweet spot is the basis of efficient development of shale oil in the USA, and plays a particularly significant role at low oil prices. There is a long way to go to get profitable development of shale oil in China. Technological progress is the key to reducing cost and enhancing profit. Technological researches should be paid attention to in early exploration and development. Life-cycle and geological-engineering integration management is recommended. This may be a new way for efficient shale oil development and rapid cost reduction in China.

Key words: shale oil, exploration and development, USA, China, Permian basin, Williston basin, Gulf of Mexico basin, production, enlightenment

中图分类号:

TE121

李倩文, 马晓潇, 高波, 陈新军. 美国重点页岩油区勘探开发进展及启示[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(5): 630-640.

LI Qianwen, MA Xiaoxiao, GAO Bo, CHEN Xinjun. Progress and Enlightenment of Exploration and Development of Major Shale Oil Zones in the USA[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(5): 630-640.

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