砂泥岩互层水力压裂裂缝穿层扩展影响因素数值模拟

doi:10.7657/XJPG20230612

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

砂泥岩互层储集层压裂改造难度大，研究水力压裂裂缝穿层扩展影响因素有利于优化施工参数，提高储集层纵向动用程度。水力压裂裂缝穿层扩展主要受层间岩石力学和地层应力差异及工程参数的影响，利用ABAQUS软件嵌入水力压裂裂缝与层界面的内聚力单元，研究压裂液排量、压裂液黏度、泥岩与砂岩弹性模量之比、抗拉强度和地层应力差对裂缝垂向扩展的影响。结果表明：界面裂缝阻碍主裂缝穿层扩展，但有利于降低水力压裂裂缝延伸压力，促进缝网的形成；压裂液高排量和低黏度可促进裂缝穿层扩展，也会加快界面裂缝的开启；当泥岩与砂岩弹性模量之比小于0.6时，泥岩隔层的遮挡作用明显，水力压裂裂缝主要以“工”字型为主，穿层能力较弱；地层应力差大于泥岩与砂岩抗拉强度之差时，裂缝的垂向扩展能力较强，可作为水力压裂裂缝穿层的初步判断条件。

关键词: 砂泥岩互层, 储集层, 水力压裂裂缝, 穿层扩展, 数值模拟, 层间性质差异, 内聚力单元

Abstract:

It is difficult to conduct hydraulic fracturing in sandstone-mudstone interbedded reservoirs. Investigating the factors influencing hydraulic fracture propagation in such reservoirs is beneficial for optimizing fracturing parameters and enhancing vertical producing degree of reservoir. The propagation of hydraulic fractures in sandstone-mudstone interbedded reservoirs is primarily influenced by rock mechanics between layers, differences in formation stress, and engineering parameters. The cohesive elements of hydraulic fracture and layer interface are embedded into ABAQUS software to analyze how the displacement and viscosity of fracturing fluid, mudstone-sandstone elastic modulus ratio, tensile strength, and formation stress difference affect vertical fracture propagation. The results show that interface fractures hinder the primary fracture propagation through beds but contribute to reducing the pressure for hydraulic fracture propagation, thereby promoting the formation of fracture network. High displacement and low viscosity of fracturing fluid can promote fracture propagation through beds and accelerate the opening of interface fractures. When the mudstone-sandstone elastic modulus ratio is less than 0.6, the mudstone barrier has a significant shielding effect, and the hydraulic fractures are primarily reverse-H-shaped and weak in prorogation through beds. When the formation stress difference is greater than the tensile strength difference between mudstone and sandstone, fractures propagate greatly in vertical direction, which can serve as a preliminary criterion for assessing the potential of hydraulic fractures to propagate through beds.

Key words: sandstone-mudstone interbedding, reservoir, hydraulic fracture, propagation through bed, numerical simulation, property difference, cohesive element

中图分类号:

TE357.1

吕照, 潘丽燕, 郝丽华, 邹娜娜, 邹志坤. 砂泥岩互层水力压裂裂缝穿层扩展影响因素数值模拟[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(6): 729-738.

LYU Zhao, PAN Liyan, HAO Lihua, ZOU Nana, ZOU Zhikun. Numerical Simulation of Factors Influencing Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Sandstone-Mudstone Interbedded Reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2023, 44(6): 729-738.

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