玛湖凹陷风城组储集层孔喉结构及流体赋存特征

doi:10.7657/XJPG20240305

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示和对比玛湖凹陷北部风城组砂岩和泥页岩2类岩性储集层微观结构及不同尺寸孔隙内流体赋存特征，基于高压压汞、核磁共振、大视域拼接电镜扫描等实验，定量表征2类岩性储集层的孔喉尺寸和流体赋存特征，并对比原始样品和加压饱和原油样品的核磁共振以及抽提前后的高压压汞实验结果，揭示不同尺寸孔喉系统内束缚态流体和可动流体的分布。研究表明：2类岩性储集层孔隙和喉道尺寸差异均不明显，主要发育直径为0.01~10.00 μm的孔隙和半径小于10.00 nm的喉道，以中孔-细喉为主，其中，泥页岩孔隙直径略大于砂岩，喉道半径略小于砂岩。泥页岩多发育晶间孔、蜂窝状溶孔等导管状孔，砂岩导管状孔和球形孔各占一半，且随着孔径增大，粒间孔、粒间溶孔等球形孔占比增大。流体赋存及可动性受矿物组分、孔径等多种因素影响，有机质、白云石以及黄铁矿的偏油润湿性以及黏土矿物晶间孔的强毛细管束缚致使页岩油可动性降低，可动流体主要分布在直径大于300 nm的中—大孔隙内。综合储集层物性和可动流体分布特征，研究区页岩油有利区块为东部的玛51X井区，该井区泥页岩和砂岩均可作为有利的开发对象。

关键词: 玛湖凹陷, 风城组, 储集层, 页岩油, 孔喉结构, 流体赋存

Abstract:

In order to reveal and compare the microstructures of sandstone and shale reservoirs, and the fluid occurrences within different sizes of pores in the Fengcheng formation of the Mahu sag, the experiments including high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and large-view splicing SEM were conducted to quantitatively characterize the pore throat size and fluid occurrence characteristics of the two types of reservoirs. The NMR experimental results and the HPMI experimental results before and after extraction of the original samples and the pressurized oil-saturated sample were compared to reveal the distributions of bound and movable fluids within pores of different sizes. The results indicate that sandstone and shale do not differ significantly in the sizes of pores and throats, which are dominantly 0.01-10.00 μm in pore diameter and <10.00 nm in throat radius, respectively, indicative of mesopores and fine throats. Shale has slightly larger pore diameters but smaller throat radii than sandstone. Shale mainly develops tubular pores such as intercrystalline pores and honeycomb-like dissolution pores. Sandstone has an equal distribution of tubular and spherical pores, with the proportion of spherical pores such as intergranular pores and intergranular dissolution pores increasing as the pore size increases. Fluid occurrence and mobility are controlled by multiple factors such as mineral composition and pore size. The oil-wet properties of organic matter, dolomite and pyrite, and the strong capillary confinement of intergranular pores in clay minerals, reduce the mobility of shale oil, and the movable fluids are mainly distributed in mesopores-macropores with diameters greater than 300 nm. Combining the reservoir physical properties and movable fluid distribution, it is determined that the favorable shale oil block in the study area is the Ma 51X well block, both shale and sandstone in the well block are favorable targets for development.

Key words: Mahu sag, Fengcheng formation, reservoir, shale oil, pore throat structure, fluid occurrence

中图分类号:

TE122

朱越, 伍顺伟, 邓玉森, 刘林, 雷祥辉, 牛有牧. 玛湖凹陷风城组储集层孔喉结构及流体赋存特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2024, 45(3): 286-295.

ZHU Yue, WU Shunwei, DENG Yusen, LIU Lin, LEI Xianghui, NIU Youmu. Pore Throat Structures and Fluid Occurrences of Reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2024, 45(3): 286-295.

图/表 11

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

图7

图8

图9

参考文献 33

[1]	钱门辉, 王绪龙, 黎茂稳, 等. 玛页1井风城组页岩含油性与烃类赋存状态[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(6):693-703.
	QIAN Menhui, WANG Xulong, LI Maowen, et al. Oil-bearing properties and hydrocarbon occurrence states of Fengcheng formation shale in Well Maye-1,Mahu sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(6):693-703.
[2]	TIWARI P, DEO M, LIN C L, et al. Characterization of oil shale pore structure before and after pyrolysis by using X-ray micro CT[J]. Fuel, 2013,107:547-554.
[3]	朱如凯, 吴松涛, 苏玲, 等. 中国致密储层孔隙结构表征需注意的问题及未来发展方向[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(11):1323-1336. doi: 10.7623/syxb201611001
	ZHU Rukai, WU Songtao, SU Ling, et al. Problems and future works of porous texture characterization of tight reservoirs in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37 (11):1323-1336. doi: 10.7623/syxb201611001
[4]	CLARKSON C R, SOLANO N, BUSTIN R M, et al. Pore structure characterization of North American shale gas reservoirs using USANS/SANS,gas adsorption,and mercury intrusion[J]. Fuel, 2013, 103:606-616.
[5]	ZHOU Shangwen, YAN Gang, XUE Huaqing, et al. 2D and 3D nanopore characterization of gas shale in Longmaxi formation based on FIB-SEM[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 73:174-180.
[6]	WANG Xiaojun, SONG Yong, GUO Xuguang, et al. Pore-throat structure characteristics of tight reservoirs of the Middle Permian Lucaogou formation in the Jimsar sag,Junggar basin,northwest China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 208:109245.
[7]	雷海艳, 齐婧, 周妮, 等. 玛湖凹陷玛页1井风城组富硅页岩成因及其油气意义[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(6):724-732.
	LEI Haiyan, QI Jing, ZHOU Ni, et al. Genesis and petroleum significance of silica-rich shale in Fengcheng formation of Well Maye-1,Mahu sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(6):724-732.
[8]	杨帆, 孟鑫, 王先虎, 等. 玛页1井风城组页岩微观孔隙特征及其影响因素[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2022, 43(1):1-10.
	YANG Fan, MENG Xin, WANG Xianhu, et al. Micro-pore characteristics and influencing factors of Fengcheng formation shale in Well Maye-1[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2022, 43(1):1-10.
[9]	邵广辉, 高衍武, 蔺敬旗, 等. 玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油储层微观孔隙结构精细表征[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 20(1):48-55.
	SHAO Guanghui, GAO Yanwu, LIN Jingqi, et al. The fine characterization of micro-pore structure of shale oil reservoir in Permian Fengcheng formation of Mahu sag[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 20(1):48-55.
[10]	李嘉蕊, 杨智, 王兆云, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油赋存定量表征及其主控因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2023, 45(4):681-692.
	LI Jiarui, YANG Zhi, WANG Zhaoyun, et al. Quantitative characterization and main controlling factors of shale oil occurrence in Permian Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2023, 45(4):681-692.
[11]	常佳琦, 姜振学, 高之业, 等. 玛湖凹陷风城组不同岩相页岩含油性及可动性特征[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 53(9):3354-3367.
	CHANG Jiaqi, JIANG Zhenxue, GAO Zhiye, et al. Oil bearing and mobility characteristics of different lithofacies shales in Fengcheng formation,Mahu sag[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2022, 53(9):3354-3367.
[12]	LI Jinbu, JIANG Chunqing, WANG Min, et al. Adsorbed and free hydrocarbon in unconventional shale reservoir:A new insight from NMR T₁-T₂ maps[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2020, 116:1-14.
[13]	支东明, 曹剑, 向宝力, 等. 玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖烃源岩生烃机理及资源量新认识[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2016, 37(5):499-506.
	ZHI Dongming, CAO Jian, XIANG Baoli, et al. Fengcheng alkaline lacustrine source rocks of Lower Permian in Mahu sag in Junggar basin:Hydrocarbon generation mechanism and petroleum resources reestimation[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2016, 37(5):499-506.
[14]	张元元, 李威, 唐文斌. 玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖烃源岩发育的构造背景和形成环境[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2018, 39(1):48-54.
	ZHANG Yuanyuan, LI Wei, TANG Wenbin. Tectonic setting and environment of alkaline lacustrine source rocks in the Lower Permian Fengcheng formation of Mahu sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2018, 39(1):48-54.
[15]	曹剑, 雷德文, 李玉文, 等. 古老碱湖优质烃源岩:准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(7):781-790. doi: 10.7623/syxb201507002
	CAO Jian, LEI Dewen, LI Yuwen, et al. Ancient high-quality alkaline lacustrine source rocks discovered in the Lower Permian Fengcheng formation,Junggar basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(7):781-790. doi: 10.7623/syxb201507002
[16]	朱世发, 刘欣, 马勋, 等. 准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组致密碎屑岩储层发育特征[J]. 高校地质学报, 2015, 21(3):461-470.
	ZHU Shifa, LIU Xin, MA Xun, et al. The development characteristics of tight clastic reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng formation in Wu-Xia area of the Junggar basin[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2015, 21(3):461-470.
[17]	支东明, 宋永, 何文军, 等. 准噶尔盆地中—下二叠统页岩油地质特征、资源潜力及勘探方向[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2019, 40(4):389-401.
	ZHI Dongming, SONG Yong, HE Wenjun, et al. Geological characteristics,resource potential and exploration direction of shale oil in Middle-Lower Permian,Junggar basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019, 40(4):389-401.
[18]	HUANG Wenbiao, LU Shuangfang, HERSI O S, et al. Reservoir spaces in tight sandstones:Classification,fractal characters,and heterogeneity[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2017, 46:80-92.
[19]	肖佃师, 卢双舫, 房大志, 等. 海相高成熟页岩气储层孔隙连通关系:以彭水地区龙马溪组为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2019, 9(5):45-53.
	XIAO Dianshi, LU Shuangfang, FANG Dazhi, et al. Pore connectivity of marine high-maturity shale gas reservoirs:A case study in Longmaxi formation,Pengshui area[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2019, 9(5):45-53.
[20]	董川龙, 滕腾, 李志虎, 等. 考虑微观孔隙几何的砂岩自发渗吸理论模型[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2021, 6(4):418-428.
	DONG Chuanlong, TENG Teng, LI Zhihu, et al. Theoretical model of water spontaneous imbibition of sandstone considering microscopic pore geometry[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2021, 6(4):418-428.
[21]	卢振东, 刘成林, 臧起彪, 等. 高压压汞与核磁共振技术在致密储层孔隙结构分析中的应用:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区为例[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(3):300-310.
	LU Zhendong, LIU Chenglin, ZANG Qibiao, et al. Application of high pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance in analysis of the pore structure of dense sandstone:A case study of the Heshui area,Ordos basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(3):300-310.
[22]	孔金祥, 李永芬, 王传禹. 砂岩孔隙喉道形态的我见[J]. 天然气工业, 1985, 5(3):81-83.
	KONG Jinxiang, LI Yongfen, WANG Chuanyu. My opinion on pore throat morphology of sandstone[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 1985, 5(3):81-83.
[23]	LAI Jin, WANG Guiwen. Fractal analysis of tight gas sandstones using high-pressure mercury intrusion techniques[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 24:185-196.
[24]	LI Kewen. Analytical derivation of Brooks-Corey type capillary pressure models using fractal geometry and evaluation of rock heterogeneity[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2010, 73:20-26.
[25]	宋书伶, 杨二龙, 沙明宇. 基于分子模拟的页岩油赋存状态影响因素研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(1):31-38.
	SONG Shuling, YANG Erlong, SHA Mingyu. Influencing factors of occurrence state of shale oil based on molecular simulation[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(1):31-38.
[26]	ZHANG Chenjia, CAO Jian, XIANG Baoli, et al. Occurrence state of shale oil in saline lacustrine basins:A lithofacies perspective[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2023, 255:105799.
[27]	XU Jingling, WANG Ruotao, ZAN Ling. Shale oil occurrence and slit medium coupling based on a molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2023, 220:111151.
[28]	吴春正, 薛海涛, 卢双舫, 等. 页岩油在纳米级狭缝中吸附特征的分子动力学模拟[J]. 地质科技情报, 2018, 37(3):202-209.
	WU Chunzheng, XUE Haitao, LU Shuangfang, et al. Molecular dynamics simulation of adsorption characteristics of shale oil in nanoscale slit[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2018, 37(3):202-209.
[29]	李映艳, 邓远, 徐田录, 等. 吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油赋存特征及含油下限[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2022, 46(6):52-62.
	LI Yingyan, DENG Yuan, XU Tianlu, et al. Occurrence characteristics of shale oil and lower-limit of oil-bearing in Jimsar sag[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2022, 46(6):52-62.
[30]	YANG Yongfei, SONG Huaisen, IMANI Gloire, et al. Adsorption behavior of shale oil and water in the kerogen-kaolinite pore by molecular simulations[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2024, 393:123549.
[31]	郑国伟, 高之业, 黄立良, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩储层润湿性及其主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(5):1206-1220.
	ZHENG Guowei, GAO Zhiye, HUANG Liliang, et al. Wettability of the Permian Fengcheng formation shale in the Mahu sag,Junggar basin,and its main control factors[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(5):1206-1220.
[32]	肖迪, 戴朝成, 白斌, 等. 陆相富有机质页岩黄铁矿特征及意义:以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组和松辽盆地青山口组为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(23):9888-9902.
	XIAO Di, DAI Chaocheng, BAI Bin, et al. Characteristics and significance of continental organic rich shale pyrite:Taking Yanchang formation in Ordos basin and Qingshankou formation in Songliao basin as examples[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(23):9888-9902.
[33]	丁振华, 师翔, 宋平, 等. 吉木萨尔陆相页岩油微观赋存类型[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 59(1):133-142.
	DING Zhenhua, SHI Xiang, SONG Ping, et al. Microscopic occurrence types of Jimsar continental shale oil[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(1):133-142.

样品编号	井名	深度/ m	岩性	孔隙度/ %	渗透率/ mD	大视域电镜扫描	高压压汞	核磁共振
1	夏203井	4 711.6	极细粒长石砂岩	3.900	0.032		√	√
2	夏203井	4 711.5	极细粒长石砂岩	2.500	0.029		√	√
3	夏203井	4 729.6	极细粒长石砂岩	4.900	0.050		√	√
4	夏203井	4 718.5	白云质泥页岩	6.300	0.053		√	√
5	夏203井	4 721.3	砂质泥页岩	2.300	0.016		√	√
6	夏203井	4 881.0	白云质泥页岩	5.700	0.030		√	√
7	夏203井	4 812.0	石灰质泥页岩	6.900	0.040		√	√
8	夏203井	4 746.7	极细粒长石砂岩	2.600	0.021		√	√
9	夏203井	4 740.8	砂质泥页岩	1.900	0.007	√		√
10	玛页1H井	4 564.1	白云质泥页岩	1.100	0.001			√
11	玛页1H井	4 572.1	白云质泥页岩	1.900	0.009		√	√
12	玛49井	4 669.6	极细粒长石砂岩	1.940	0.005		√	√
13	玛49井	4 821.2	极细粒长石砂岩	2.900	0.010	√	√	√
14	玛51X井	4 997.1	含白云石粉砂岩	3.700	0.024		√	√
15	玛51X井	4 998.0	砂质泥页岩	3.745	0.020		√	√
16	玛56X井	5 948.6	含白云石泥页岩	7.400	0.060		√	√
17	玛56X井	5 950.1	含白云石泥页岩	3.800	0.055		√	√

样品编号	井名	岩性	束缚油占比/ %	可动流体占比/%
1	夏203井	极细粒长石砂岩	83	31
2	夏203井	极细粒长石砂岩	83	25
3	夏203井	极细粒长石砂岩	88	33
4	夏203井	白云质泥页岩	72	37
5	夏203井	砂质泥页岩	91	33
6	夏203井	白云质泥页岩	69	54
7	夏203井	石灰质泥页岩	20	56
8	夏203井	极细粒长石砂岩	88	36
9	夏203井	砂质泥页岩	52	11
10	玛页1H井	白云质泥页岩	95	22
11	玛页1H井	白云质泥页岩	92	21
12	玛49井	极细粒长石砂岩	34	38
13	玛49井	极细粒长石砂岩	57	72
14	玛51X井	含白云石粉砂岩	32	44
15	玛51X井	砂质泥页岩	61	45
16	玛56X井	含白云石泥页岩	93	18
17	玛56X井	含白云石泥页岩	91	36