贵州安场地区页岩气田地质特征及开发技术

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

安场地区页岩气田位于贵州省北部，产气层为五峰组—龙马溪组页岩，该气田具有源储一体、分布稳定和自生自储的特征，属于正常压力型的浅层山地页岩气田。由上至下，主要含气层的硅质矿物含量逐渐升高，黏土矿物含量逐渐降低；页岩储集空间以纳米级有机质孔为主，其次为残余粒间孔、晶间孔、次生溶孔、黏土矿物片间孔等。气井生产具有见气返排率较低、产量递减较缓慢和稳产时间长的特征。针对该类型气藏地质与开发特征，应加强精细地质建模和压裂方案优化，适度扩大井距；针对断裂发育和非均质性强的特征，需要加强地质工程一体化设计，通过不断迭代优化，建立精确的页岩气藏模型；针对水平应力差异系数较大及复杂缝网形成难的特征，应优化压裂段长度和簇间距，实施密切割和裂缝转向技术；针对气藏压力低、井口压力下降快和产气量低的特征，应进一步优化试气阶段的返排管理制度。

关键词: 贵州, 安场地区, 页岩气, 龙马溪组, 页岩, 常压气田, 孔隙结构

Abstract:

The shale gas field in Anchang area in the northern part of Guizhou province is primarily producing from the shales in the Wufeng formation to Longmaxi formation. This gas field is characterized by a source-reservoir integrated system in stable distribution and self-generation and self-storage pattern, and it is classified as a shallow mountainous shale gas field under normal pressure. From top to bottom, the gas-bearing layers show an increasing content of siliceous minerals and a decreasing content of clay minerals. The shale reservoir space primarily consists of nanometer-scale organic pores, followed by residual intergranular pores, intercrystalline pores, secondary dissolution pores, and clay mineral interlamellar pores. The gas wells generally exhibit low flowback rates upon gas breakthrough, slow production decline, and long stable production period. Considering the geological and developmental characteristics of this type of gas reservoir, it is important to enhance detailed geological modeling and fracturing design optimization, as well as to moderately expand well spacing. Given the presence of faults and strong heterogeneity, integrated geological and engineering design should be strengthened, and the 3D reservoir geological model should be iteratively optimized to establish an accurate shale gas reservoir model. In view of the large differential horizontal stress ratios and the difficulty in forming complex fracture networks, fracturing stage length and cluster spacing should be optimized, and multi-cluster fracturing and fracture diversion techniques can be implemented. For low reservoir pressure, fast decline in wellhead pressure, and low gas production, the flowback management system in the gas testing stage should be further optimized.

Key words: Guizhou province, Anchang area, shale gas, Longmaxi formation, shale, normal-pressure gas field, pore structure

中图分类号:

TE122.3

刘洪林, 鲁眈, 梁峰, 何新兵, 李刚权, 赵群, 拜文华. 贵州安场地区页岩气田地质特征及开发技术[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(1): 78-87.

LIU Honglin, LU Dan, LIANG Feng, HE Xinbing, LI Gangquan, ZHAO Qun, BAI Wenhua. Geological Characteristics and Development Technologies of Shale Gas Field in Anchang Area, Guizhou Province[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(1): 78-87.

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样品编号	深度/m	层位	石英含量/ %	钾长石含量/ %	斜长石含量/ %	方解石含量/ %	白云石含量/ %	黄铁矿含量/ %	黏土矿物含量/ %
R1	2 333.09	龙二段	49.9	0.6	8.7	3.5	5.6	2.9	28.8
R2	2 334.36	龙二段	54.5	1.0	5.6	4.5	5.2	2.4	26.8
R3	2 335.98	龙二段	58.1	1.3	7.9	2.6	2.3	2.7	25.1
R4	2 336.71	龙二段	54.7	2.2	4.5	3.3	4.9	2.7	27.7
R5	2 337.16	龙二段	58.3	0.8	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.8	26.1
R6	2 337.56	龙二段	58.8	1.1	5.0	0.7	—	6.4	28.0
R7	2 338.41	龙二段	65.1	2.2	3.0	0.4	3.3	2.6	23.4
R8	2 340.85	龙二段	64.1	1.7	3.2	3.0	4.6	2.3	21.1
R9	2 341.53	龙一段	57.6	1.3	5.4	2.8	4.8	4.1	24.0
R10	2 342.03	龙一段	58.0	0.5	3.0	2.0	2.5	2.2	31.8
R11	2 342.78	龙一段	60.9	0.8	2.9	1.5	2.2	2.3	29.4
R12	2 343.47	龙一段	60.4	1.2	5.8	1.1	2.1	9.4	20.0
R13	2 345.60	龙一段	61.3	0.4	4.6	0.9	7.8	11.0	14.0
R14	2 345.96	龙一段	51.8	1.1	4.5	1.9	5.8	5.2	29.7
R15	2 346.63	龙一段	62.3	1.1	2.8	1.9	2.0	4.5	25.4
R16	2 347.09	龙一段	63.6	2.1	3.9	1.0	2.9	4.0	22.5
R17	2 347.66	龙一段	65.8	1.3	3.8	0.3	4.6	0.6	23.6
R18	2 348.55	龙一段	65.9	2.2	3.1	0.9	3.4	0.6	23.9
R19	2 348.91	龙一段	68.8	1.7	8.0	1.2	1.6	0.6	18.1
R20	2 349.22	五峰组	57.5	4.4	7.2	0.7	2.9	2.3	25.0
R21	2 349.82	五峰组	59.5	2.2	6.2	4.8	4.9	0.0	22.4

地区	深度/m	水平段长度/m	液量/m³	支撑剂量/m³	排量/（m³·min）	压裂段长度/m	簇数	支撑剂类型
太阳地区	800~1 800	900~1 500	1 000~2 000	80~100	16~19	60~80	6~9	石英砂、陶粒
涪陵地区	2 600~2 900	1 500~2 000	1 600~1 900	90~140	16~18	60~80	6~9	石英砂、陶粒
长宁地区	3 500~4 000	1 500~1 800	1 800~2 000	80~100	12~14	60~80	3~4	石英砂、陶粒
安场地区	1 800~3 300	1 500	1 600~1 800	140~160	18~22	60~70	4~8	石英砂

压窜类型	井名	井距/m	措施效果
平台间压窜	安页1-5HF井、安页6-1HF井	300~330	补能气举，全部恢复产能
	安页1-6HF井、安页7-4HF井	290~500	气举复产未成功，油管堵塞，恢复50%产能
	安页1-8HF井、安页8-1HF井	260~300	气举排液停举后油压快速落零，恢复50%产能
	安页1-4HF井、安页1-5HF井	300~330	补能气举，全部恢复产能
平台内压窜	安页2HF井、安页2-3HF井	300	射流泵排液，已恢复85%产能
	安页2-2HF井、安页2-6HF井	300~400	射流泵排液，已恢复50%产能
	安页2-4HF井、安页3-4HF井	130	气举排液复产未成功，射流泵排液
	安页3HF井、安页3-2HF井	210~250	射流泵排液
	安页3-2HF井、安页3-7HF井	270	补能气举，未恢复产能
	安页3-5HF井、安页3-3HF井	300~320	气举排液，全部恢复产能
	安页4-2HF井、安页4-3HF井	250~330	安页4-2HF井关井复产不成功
	安页6-1HF井、安页6HF井	260	及时排液，无影响
	安页7-4HF井、安页7-3HF井	240~270	及时排液，无影响
	安页7-6HF井、安页7-5HF井	270~290	及时排液，无影响