裂缝边底水气藏水侵规律及排水参数敏感性分析

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250411

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对裂缝边底水气藏见水后产量急剧下降以及出水规律复杂、排水采气困难等问题，基于迪那气田地质参数，采用数值模拟，明确气藏在见水后的各项排采指标。总结识别出了3种主要气藏水侵模式：沿裂缝强窜入型、沿裂缝弱窜入型和沿裂缝弱舌进型。在此基础上，进行了多因素敏感性分析，提出了无因次井距的概念，考察了排水井排水量、排采井距、生产井采气速度、水体倍数等因素对预测期末累计产气量的影响。研究结果表明：影响沿裂缝强窜入型水侵模式累计产气量的主要因素依次为排水量、采气速度、无因次井距和水体倍数；而在沿裂缝弱窜入型水侵模式中，采气速度和排水量为关键影响因素，其影响由大到小为采气速度、排水量、无因次井距和水体倍数。基于敏感性分析的结果，进一步提出了排采比的概念，并确定了气藏的最优排采比。

关键词: 裂缝型气藏, 边底水, 水侵模式, 数值模拟, 正交试验, 排采比

Abstract:

Fractured gas reservoirs with edge/bottom water usually suffer a series of problems, such as sharp decline in production upon water breakthrough, complex water production patterns, and difficult water-drainage gas recovery. Based on the geological parameters of the Dina gas field, the drainage indicators after water breakthrough were clarified through numerical simulation. Three water invasion patterns were identified: strong invasion along fractures, weak invasion along fractures, and weak water tonguing along fractures. On this basis, a multi-factor sensitivity analysis was conducted, the concept of dimensionless well spacing was introduced, and the impacts of factors such as drainage well output, drainage-production well spacing, gas production rate and water volume ratio on predicted cumulative gas production at the end of the forecast period were investigated. The research results show that for the pattern of strong invasion along fractures, the main factors affecting cumulative gas production are drainage volume, gas production rate, dimensionless well spacing, and water volume ratio in sequence, while for the pattern of weak invasion along fractures, gas production rate and drainage volume are key factors, with the influence sequence being gas production rate, drainage volume, dimensionless well spacing, and water volume ratio. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the concept of the drainage-production ratio was further proposed, and the optimal drainage-production ratio for the gas reservoir were determined.

Key words: fractured gas reservoir, edge/bottom water, water invasion pattern, numerical simulation, orthogonal experiment, drainage-production ratio

中图分类号:

TE37

胡书勇, 刘涵. 裂缝边底水气藏水侵规律及排水参数敏感性分析[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(4): 478-484.

HU Shuyong, LIU Han. Analysis on Water Invasion Patterns and Sensitivity of Drainage Parameters in Fractured Gas Reservoirs With Edge/Bottom Water[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(4): 478-484.

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水侵模式	水侵图版类型	构造位置	水气比/ （10^-4 m³·m^-3）	氯根质量浓度/ （mg·L^-1）	氯根预警时间/月
沿裂缝强窜入型	沿高导裂缝窜入型、沿裂缝强窜入型	多数分布于气藏边部，靠近边部水体	>300	60 000~90 000	5~12
沿裂缝弱窜入型	沿裂缝弱窜入型、上窜型/沿裂缝强舌进	分布于气藏边部	带水生产期间<10 水淹后>40	50 000~80 000	8~11
沿裂缝弱舌进型	沿裂缝弱舌进/上窜型	主要分布于气藏轴部	<10	50 000~90 000	2~7

模型参数	取值	模型参数	取值
基质平均孔隙度/%	5.80	水的黏度/（mPa·s）	2×10^-4
裂缝平均孔隙度/%	0.03	水的密度/（kg·m^-3）	1 028
基质平均渗透率/mD	0.49	沿裂缝强窜入型地面条件气储量/10⁸ m³	144.244
裂缝平均渗透率/mD	2.58	沿裂缝强窜入型地层水孔隙体积/10⁸ m³	2.21
水的压缩系数	4.183 2×10^-5	沿裂缝强窜入型地层气孔隙体积/10⁸ m³	0.39
油的密度/（kg·m^-3）	802	沿裂缝弱窜入型地面条件气储量/10⁸ m³	120.979
气体密度/（kg·m^-3）	0.66	沿裂缝弱窜入型地层水孔隙体积/10⁸ m³	2.191
水的体积系数	1.022 4	沿裂缝弱窜入型地层气孔隙体积/10⁸ m³	0.34

试验方案	排水量/m³	无因次井距	采气速度/%	水体倍数	沿裂缝强窜入型预测期末累计产气量/10⁸ m³	沿裂缝弱窜入型预测期末累计产气量/10⁸ m³
方案1	100	1.0	0.5	1	7.20	5.40
方案2	100	2.0	1.0	2	10.08	9.27
方案3	100	2.6	1.5	3	8.99	8.70
方案4	100	3.0	2.0	4	8.52	8.61
方案5	300	1.0	1.0	3	15.13	10.80
方案6	300	2.0	0.5	4	7.20	5.40
方案7	300	2.6	2.0	1	9.96	9.36
方案8	300	3.0	1.5	2	10.26	9.10
方案9	500	1.0	1.5	4	16.09	12.64
方案10	500	2.0	2.0	3	10.85	9.85
方案11	500	2.6	0.5	2	7.31	5.40
方案12	500	3.0	1.0	1	14.40	10.40
方案13	800	1.0	2.0	2	17.11	14.64
方案14	800	2.0	1.5	1	22.82	12.12
方案15	800	2.6	1.0	4	14.71	10.80
方案16	800	3.0	0.5	3	8.63	5.40

排采比/ （10^-4 m³·m^-3）	沿裂缝强窜入型水侵模式			沿裂缝弱窜入型水侵模式
排采比/ （10^-4 m³·m^-3）	预测期末可动水储量/10⁴ m³	可动水储量的增量/10⁴ m³	预测期末累计产气量/10⁸ m³	预测期末可动水储量/10⁴ m³	可动水储量的增量/10⁴ m³	预测期末累计产气量/10⁸ m³
0	11 758.83	0	9.20	129 257.27	0	9.42
0.5	11 858.16	99.33	10.28	129 382.59	125.32	9.29
1.0	11 878.00	19.84	13.98	129 402.76	20.17	10.51
1.5	11 862.82	-15.18	14.40	129 402.50	-0.26	10.80
2.0	11 853.28	-9.53	14.40	129 393.56	-8.94	10.80
2.5	11 853.25	-0.03	14.40	129 386.03	-7.53	10.80
3.0	11 853.44	0.19	14.40	129 381.07	-4.95	10.80