库车前陆冲断带盐下构造变形模式

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250405

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

库车前陆冲断带构造建模经历了3个时期的理论变革，但对盐下中生界三叠系—侏罗系滑脱构造的研究并不深入，多滑脱层构造变形模型及机理仍存在较大争议。针对库车前陆冲断带超深层复杂构造带多层滑脱现象，分别从几何学、运动学、动力学角度分析库车前陆冲断带分层滑脱构造变形系统，结合高精度三维地震资料，解析盐下构造变形样式，精细刻画盐下深层多滑脱层构造模型，探讨古隆起、先存断裂和膏盐岩等地质因素对盐下深部构造的影响。研究表明，库车前陆冲断带盐下构造变形主要与5套区域滑脱层相关，具有多级滑脱叠合展布、垂向分层拆离变形、空间差异叠置变形的特征。空间上自南西向北东由基底卷入冲断构造向盖层滑脱构造转变，其中还存在坡-坪式多层滑脱叠置过渡带，总体呈现三段式递进变形。坡-坪式断裂转换处发育有序且大规模分布的冲起构造，盐下中生界具备成排成带发育次级背斜圈闭的可能，具有较好的油气勘探前景。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 库车前陆冲断带, 盐下构造, 多滑脱层, 构造变形, 坡-坪式

Abstract:

The structural modeling of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt has undergone three periods of theoretical transformations. The subsalt Mesozoic Triassic-Jurassic detachment structures have not been profoundly studied, and there are still considerable controversies regarding the structural deformation models and mechanisms of multi-detachment layers. Considering the presence of multi-detachment layers in the ultra-deep complex structural belts in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt, the structural deformation system of layered detachment in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt was investigated from the perspectives of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. Combined with the high-precision 3D seismic data, the subsalt structural deformation patterns were analyzed, and the structural models of the deep subsalt multi-detachment layers were depicted. The influences of geological factors such as paleo-uplifts, pre-existing faults, and evaporite rocks on the deep subsalt structures were discussed. The results show that the subsalt structural deformation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt is mainly associated with five sets of regional detachment layers, exhibiting the features of multi-detachment layers in stacked distribution, vertically stratified detachment deformation, and spatially differentiated superposition deformation. Spatially, from the southwest to the northeast, the structures transform from the basement-involved thrust to the cap rock sliding, together with a ramp-flat multi-detachment-layer superimposed transition zone, generally presenting a trend of three-segment progressive deformation. Orderly and large-scale pop-up structures are developed at the ramp-flat fault transition joints. The subsalt Mesozoic has the possibility of developing secondary anticline traps in rows and bands, making it promising for oil and gas exploration.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Kuqa foreland thrust belt, subsalt structure, multi-detachment layer, structural deformation, ramp-flat

中图分类号:

TE121

梅永旭, 张津宁, 潘杨勇, 刘培烨, 相泓含, 能源. 库车前陆冲断带盐下构造变形模式[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(4): 429-437.

MEI Yongxu, ZHANG Jinning, PAN Yangyong, LIU Peiye, XIANG Honghan, NENG Yuan. Subsalt Structural Deformation Models in the Kuqa Foreland Thrust Belt[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(4): 429-437.

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