塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注氮气效果及主控因素

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250408

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔河油田不同岩溶地质背景下的碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏处于不同的注氮气开发阶段，注氮气效果差异较大，主控因素不明确，影响后期注氮气系统规划和总体部署。在揭示缝洞型油藏注氮气提高采收率主要机理的基础上，利用“两线三区”注氮气经济效果评价方法与矿场统计方法，明确了缝洞型油藏在不同岩溶地质背景下的注氮气效果，并从油藏动静态参数出发分析了主控因素。结果表明：风化壳油藏单井注氮气无效井占比为40%，井组氮气驱无效井占比为31%，存在注气时间长、常规注气续注难的问题；复合型油藏单井注氮气无效井占比为24%，井组氮气驱无效井占比为27%，目前仍处于低轮次注气阶段，是未来注氮气的主要潜力油藏；断控型油藏单井注氮气无效井占比为57%，井组氮气驱无效井占比高达66%，整体注气适应性最差。确定了储集体类型、阁楼体大小、储集层分隔性、构造幅度、洞顶剩余油储量、底水能量和注采参数为影响单井注氮气效果的主控因素，注采部位、井间优势通道、水体倍数、注采参数和注气井网为影响井组氮气驱效果的主控因素。

关键词: 塔河油田, 岩溶, 碳酸盐岩, 缝洞型油藏, 注氮气机理, 提高采收率, 主控因素

Abstract:

The fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs formed under different karst geological backgrounds in Tahe oilfield are being developed by nitrogen injection, with varying effects and unknown controlling factors, which will affect overall planning and deployment of subsequent nitrogen injection. On the basis of revealing main mechanism of nitrogen injection to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy reservoirs, by using the “two baselines and three zones” economic evaluation method for nitrogen injection and field statistics method, the effects of nitrogen injection in these fractured-vuggy reservoirs were clarified, and the key controlling factors were analyzed on the basis of the dynamic and static parameters of the reservoirs. The results indicate some differences in various reservoirs: for weathered crust reservoirs, the proportion of ineffective wells is 40% for individual wells, and 31% for well groups, demonstrating the problems such as long gas injection time and difficulty in continuing conventional gas injection; for composite reservoirs, the proportion of ineffective wells is 24% for individual wells, and 27% for well groups, remaining in the stage of low-cycle gas injection and promising for nitrogen injection in the future; and for fault-controlled reservoirs, the proportion of ineffective wells is 57% for individual wells, and 66% for well groups, recording the poorest adaptability to gas injection. Key factors controlling the single-well gas flooding effect are determined as the reservoir type, attic size, reservoir compartmentalization, structural amplitude, remaining oil reserves at the vug top, energy of the bottom water, and injection/production parameters. Key factors controlling the nitrogen injection effect of well-groups are clarified as the injection-production site, dominant channel between wells, aquifer volume multiple, injection/production parameter, and injector pattern.

Key words: Tahe oilfield, karst, carbonate rock, fractured-vuggy reservoir, nitrogen injection mechanism, enhanced oil recovery, key controlling factor

中图分类号:

TE357.7

蒋林, 魏学刚, 郭臣, 朱乐乐, 曾清勇, 刘学利. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注氮气效果及主控因素[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(4): 457-464.

JIANG Lin, WEI Xuegang, GUO Chen, ZHU Lele, ZENG Qingyong, LIU Xueli. Effects and Controlling Factors of Nitrogen Injection in Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs of Tahe Oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(4): 457-464.

图/表 6

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油藏类型	控制储量/ 10⁸ t	井数/口	注气井数/ 口	注气井占比/%	累计注气量/ 10⁸ m³	累计增油量/ 10⁴ t	换油率/ （t·m^-3）
风化壳油藏	1.47	426	329	77.2	14.5	284	0.60
复合型油藏	2.58	871	466	53.5	15.7	355	0.69
断控型油藏	0.98	436	172	39.4	5.3	102	0.58