自渗吸作用下深层页岩裂缝演化及力学特性

doi:10.7657/XJPG20250210

新疆石油地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 208-216.doi: 10.7657/XJPG20250210

自渗吸作用下深层页岩裂缝演化及力学特性

方正¹(), 陈勉¹, 李集¹, 韦世明¹(), 考佳玮², 毛渝¹

1.中国石油大学（北京） a.油气资源与探测国家重点实验室; b.石油工程教育部重点实验室，北京 102249
2.中国石化西南油气分公司石油工程技术研究院，北京 102249

收稿日期:2024-12-23 修回日期:2025-01-15 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-03-26
通讯作者: 韦世明（1994-），男，安徽阜阳人，副教授，博士，岩石力学及数值模拟，（Tel）18811724858（Email）we_shiming@163.com
作者简介:方正（1995-），男，河北张家口人，博士研究生，岩石力学及与水力压裂，（Tel）13029820093（Email）13029820093@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52334001);国家自然科学基金青年项目(42407252);中国石油大学（北京）青年拔尖人才项目(ZX20230042)

Fracture Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Deep Shales Under Spontaneous Imbibition

FANG Zheng¹(), CHEN Mian¹, LI Ji¹, WEI Shiming¹(), KAO Jiawei², MAO Yu¹

1. China University of Petroleum (Beijing), a.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting; b.MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing 102249, China
2. Research Institute of Engineering Technology, Southwest Oil & Gas Company, Sinopec, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2024-12-23 Revised:2025-01-15 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-03-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对深层页岩储集层水力压裂后压裂液与储集层发生渗吸，导致裂缝扩展机理不明确及其对储集层力学特性变化不清晰的问题，通过CT扫描、连续划痕测试和覆压孔渗仪测试，结合自渗吸实验，综合评价渗吸前后裂缝扩展规律、岩石力学特性及物性参数变化特性。结果表明：渗吸促使页岩层理与原有微裂纹被激活、扩展并相互贯通，从而形成更为复杂的裂缝网络，提高了储集层孔隙度与渗透率；裂缝发育与层理弱面的相互作用使岩石整体强度与稳定性下降，呈现出提高流体输导能力与降低力学性能的双重效应；在有限裂纹扩展条件下，孔隙度和渗透率增幅有限，而当复杂裂缝网络充分发育时，孔隙度和渗透率大幅提升，力学性能弱化更为显著。在非常规储集层评价与增产改造设计中，应平衡自渗吸诱发的裂缝网络，形成对储集层渗流条件与地层稳定性的影响。

关键词: 深层页岩, 渗吸作用, 裂缝扩展, 岩石力学, 水力压裂, 物性参数, 连续划痕测试, CT扫描

Abstract:

The mechanism of fracture propagation and changes in mechanical properties of deep shale reservoirs caused by the imbibition of fracturing fluid after hydraulic fracturing remain unclear. By CT scanning, continuous scratch testing, and overburden pressure porosity-permeability testing, as well as spontaneous imbibition experiments, the fracture propagation patterns, changes in rock mechanics, and variations in physical properties before and after imbibition were comprehensively evaluated. The results show that imbibition promotes the activation, propagation, and interconnection of shale beddings and pre-existing microcracks, forming a more complex fracture network to enhance reservoir porosity and permeability. The development of fracture and bedding plane reduce the overall strength and stability of rock, demonstrating a dual effect of improving fluid transport capacity while weakening mechanical performance. Under limited crack propagation conditions, the increase in porosity and permeability is modest. When a complex fracture network is developed, reservoir porosity and permeability significantly improve, and mechanical weakening becomes more pronounced. In the evaluation and stimulation design of unconventional reservoirs, it is essential to balance the fracture network induced by spontaneous imbibition to account for its impact on reservoir flow conditions and formation stability.

Key words: deep shale, imbibition, fracture propagation, rock mechanics, hydraulic fracturing, physical property, continuous scratch test, CT scanning

中图分类号:

TE357

方正, 陈勉, 李集, 韦世明, 考佳玮, 毛渝. 自渗吸作用下深层页岩裂缝演化及力学特性[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2025, 46(2): 208-216.

FANG Zheng, CHEN Mian, LI Ji, WEI Shiming, KAO Jiawei, MAO Yu. Fracture Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Deep Shales Under Spontaneous Imbibition[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(2): 208-216.

图/表 9

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参数	数值
水平位移精度/mm	0.1
划痕深度精度/mm	0.001
数据点精度/（pts·mm^-1）	10
尖刀头宽度/mm	10
钝刀头宽度/mm	10
钝刀头摩擦面长度/mm	1

样品编号	状态	平均单轴抗压强度/MPa	内摩擦角/（°）	内聚力/MPa
样品1	渗吸前	95.24	36.92	15.14
样品1	渗吸后	81.89	34.06	13.88
样品2	渗吸前	89.78	35.29	14.92
样品2	渗吸后	76.14	34.02	13.65
样品3	渗吸前	92.33	35.89	14.44
样品3	渗吸后	66.13	31.79	12.08
样品4	渗吸前	91.25	36.17	14.87
样品4	渗吸后	63.24	32.01	12.53

自渗吸作用下深层页岩裂缝演化及力学特性

Fracture Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Deep Shales Under Spontaneous Imbibition

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