致密油藏提高采收率现场试验进展和启示

doi:10.7657/XJPG20210415

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过详细梳理近年来国内外致密油藏提高采收率现场实施案例,分析了各类开发方式的效果,总结了现场试验中发现的问题及得到的启示。从国内外现场试验的结果来看：注气（CO₂和天然气）是目前主流的开发方式;多数先导性试验取得了成功,原油采收率可提高3%~30%;实验室模型过于理想化,与现场试验效果差异较大甚至相悖;裂缝干扰和窜流导致能量波及不均衡,是部分先导性试验失败的根本原因。因此,如何协调裂缝“利用和治理”的矛盾,明确致密基质与裂缝间的“质”换机制,通过现场经验指导并优化实验室研究等是中国致密油藏开发亟待解决的关键问题。此外,应进一步优化致密油藏资源评价方法,加大对油气行业政策的扶持力度,促进致密油藏提高采收率理论与技术的跨越式发展。

关键词: 致密油藏, 开发方式, 提高采收率, 现场试验, 开发方式, 发展方向

Abstract:

This paper reviews field test cases for enhancing oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs at home and abroad in recent years, analyzes the effects of various development methods, and points out the problems arising out of and the enlightenment obtained from the field tests. According to the results of field tests at home and abroad, we conclude that gas injection (CO₂ and natural gas) is a popular development method at present; most pilot tests are successful with the oil recovery improved by 3% to 30%; the laboratory models are too ideal and quite different from or even contrary to the field test results; fracture interference and channeling result in uneven energy spread, which is the fundamental cause for the failure of some pilot tests. Therefore, how to balance “utilization and treatment” of fractures, clarify the “ substantial” exchange mechanism between tight matrix and fractures, and guide and optimize laboratory research through field experience are key issues to resolve in tight oil development in China. In addition, it is necessary to further optimize the methods for tight oil resource evaluation, increase policy support to oil and gas industry and promote the leapfrog development of the theory and technology for enhancing tight oil recovery.

Key words: tight oil reservoir, development method, EOR, field test, development method, development direction

中图分类号:

TE357

魏兵, 张翔, 刘江, 蒲万芬, 李一波, 王晓超. 致密油藏提高采收率现场试验进展和启示[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(4): 495-505.

WEI Bing, ZHANG Xiang, LIU Jiang, PU Wanfen, LI Yibo, WANG Xiaochao. Progress and Enlightenment of EOR Field Tests in Tight Oil Reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(4): 495-505.

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地区	提高采收率方法	试验结果	现场经验
鄂尔多斯盆地鄂尔多斯盆地	注CO₂	产油量大幅度提高	CO₂驱具有可行性和经济性
鄂尔多斯盆地鄂尔多斯盆地	注水吞吐	吞吐有效井组约为70%	需根据人工裂缝破裂压力大小选择注入方式
大庆榆树林油田	注CO₂	试验取得显著效果	注入性问题得到解决,CO₂驱具有较高的应用前景
长庆油田	注空气泡沫	裂缝侧向井见效明显,主向井效果不明显	空气泡沫驱可有效提高采收率,但气窜风险依然较大
渭北油田渭北油田	注表面活性剂注微生物	累计增油量为47.00 t,增油效果明显累计增油量为44.47 t,增产效果较为明显	注表面活性剂具有良好的改善水驱效果
渭北油田渭北油田	注表面活性剂注微生物	累计增油量为47.00 t,增油效果明显累计增油量为44.47 t,增产效果较为明显	微生物采油技术在致密油藏具有可行性