黄土塬地区地震资料处理浮动基准面的选择及应用

doi:10.7657/XJPG20210116

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鄂尔多斯盆地南部黄土塬地区属于双复杂地区,为减小固定基准面在地震资料静校正中引起的误差,时间域的地震资料处理常在浮动基准面上进行。对比平均静校正量浮动基准面、高程浮动基准面和固定基准面对地层反射波自激自收时间的影响,指出在地表起伏较大、低降速层较厚的黄土塬地区,高程浮动基准面可以更好地降低地表高程剧变及较厚低速层对地震资料处理的影响。实际地震资料处理也证明,采用高程浮动基准面在速度分析和动校拉伸畸变切除控制中更具有优势。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 黄土塬地区, 地震资料处理, 浮动基准面, 平均静校正量, 自激自收时间, 速度分析, 动校拉伸

Abstract:

The loess plateau area in the southern Ordos basin is of “double complexity”, namely very rugged surface and super-thick LVL (low velocity layer). In order to reduce the error caused by static correction on a fixed datum, seismic data processing in time domain is often carried out on a floating datum which is selected in different ways. The comparison of how floating datums based on average statics, elevation and a fix value influence t₀ reflections indicates that, in the area with rugged surface and thick LVL, an elevation floating datum is very helpful to reduce the influences of drastically changing elevation and thick LVL on seismic data processing. The actual seismic data processing also proves the advantages of an elevation floating datum in velocity analysis and NMO stretching and mute processing.

Key words: Ordos basin, loess plateau area, seismic data processing, floating datum, average statics, t₀ reflection, velocity analysis, NMO stretching

中图分类号:

P631

徐蔚亚, 赵艳平, 陈世军. 黄土塬地区地震资料处理浮动基准面的选择及应用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(1): 113-119.

XU Weiya, ZHAO Yanping, CHEN Shijun. Selection and Application of Floating Datum in Seismic Data Processing in Loess Plateau Area[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(1): 113-119.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献 21

[1]	苏海, 郑德德, 高棒棒 , 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬地震采集技术进展[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2019,34(3):1 096-1 104.
	SU Hai, ZHENG Dede, GAO Bangbang , et al. Seismic acquisition techniques progress for loess hills in southern of Ordos basin[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2019,34(3):1 096-1 104.
[2]	文雪康, 刘胜, 李世琼 , 等. 层析法在黄土塬区近地表结构调查中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2012,36(5):766-771.
	WEN Xuekang, LIU Sheng, LI Shiqiong , et al. The application of chromatography technology to near-surface structure investigation of the loess area[J]. Geophysical ＆ Geochemical Exploration, 2012,36(5):766-771.
[3]	陈超群, 高秦, 何争光 , 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西南部巨厚黄土塬区非纵地震资料处理技术[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2017,45(1):143-151.
	CHEN Chaoqun, GAO Qin, HE Zhengguang , et al. The off-line seismic exploration and its application in huge-thick loess area in Erdos basin[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2017,45(1):143-151.
[4]	杜中东, 邓述全, 王兴业 , 等. 黄土塬非纵地震勘探技术及其应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2010,45(增刊1):35-39.
	DU Zhongdong, DENG Shuquan, WANG Xingye , et al. Off-line seismic exploration and its application in loess plateau area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2010,45(Supp.1):35-39.
[5]	高利东, 王大兴, 刘小亮 , 等. 黄土塬非纵地震资料处理的几项关键技术[R]. 中国北京:SPG/SEG北京2016国际地球物理会议, 2016.
	GAO Lidong, WANG Daxing, LIU Xiaoliang , et al. Several key technologies of off-line seismic data processing in loess plateau[R]. Beijing,China:SPG/SEG Beijing 2016 International Geophysical Conference, 2016.
[6]	刘宝国 . 鄂尔多斯盆地南部黄土塬区三维地震勘探关键技术研究[J]. 石油物探, 2014,53(3):330-337.
	LIU Baoguo . The key technologies of 3D seismic exploration in loess plateau area of southern Ordos basin[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2014,53(3):330-337.
[7]	邬达理, 李洋, 刘卫华 , 等. 标志层控制的静校正方法在巨厚黄土塬地区的应用[J]. 石油物探, 2019,58(6):846-854.
	WU Dali, LI Yang, LIU Weihua , et al. A marker-layer-controlled static correction method in thick loess tableland[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2019,58(6):846-854.
[8]	周衍, 饶莹 . 黄土塬覆盖区的层析反演静校正方法研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2019,62(11):4 393-4 400.
	ZHOU Yan, RAO Ying . Tomographic static corrections in loess plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2019,62(11):4 393-4 400.
[9]	单力, 许德才, 刘江 . 复杂黄土塬煤矿地震资料处理关键技术[J]. 陕西煤炭, 2019,38(6):39-42.
	SHAN Li, XU Decai, LIU Jiang . Key technologies of seismic data processing in complex loess plateau area[J]. Shaanxi Coal, 2019,38(6):39-42.
[10]	夏长亮, 王永明, 胡浩 , 等. 分步逐级静校正法在黄土塬地震资料处理中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2018,42(2):339-346.
	XIA Changliang, WANG Yongming, HU Hao , et al. Static correction and its application to seismic data of loess tableland area[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2018,42(2):339-346.
[11]	秦婕, 李辉峰, 王宏伟 , 等. 叠前去噪技术在鄂尔多斯黄土塬区地震资料的应用[J]. 物探化探计算技术, 2015,37(5):644-650.
	QIN Jie, LI Huifeng, WANG Hongwei , et al. The application of pre-stack noise attenuation technology for seismic data of Soil Yuan area in Ordos basin[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2015,37(5):644-650.
[12]	田栓来 . 黄土塬地区二维地震资料采集及效果分析:以陇县李家河勘查区为例[J]. 内蒙古煤炭经济, 2018,36(7):30-32.
	TIAN Shuanlai . Two-dimensional seismic data acquisition and effect analysis in the loess plateau[J]. Inner Mongolia Coal Economy, 2018,36(7):30-32.
[13]	崔三元, 曾天玖, 郭建卿 , 等. 黄土塬地震资料关键成像技术研究及应用[R]. 中国南京:2019年油气地球物理学术年会, 2019.
	CUI Sanyuan, ZENG Tianjiu, GUO Jianqing , et al. Research and application of key imaging technology for loess plateau seismic data[R]. Nanjing, China:Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference on Oil and Gas Geophysics, 2019.
[14]	陈娟, 胡剑, 王永刚 , 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬区地震资料处理方法及应用[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2012,34(5):65-68.
	CHEN Juan, HU Jian, WANG Yonggang , et al. Seismic data processing methods and its application in loess tableland area of Ordos basin[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2012,34(5):65-68.
[15]	喻岳钰, 曹代勇, 邢春颖 , 等. 黄土塬区模型约束折射静校正技术应用研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2016,31(3):1 371-1 380.
	YU Yueyu, CAO Daiyong, XING Chunying , et al. Application of the technology of model constraint refraction statics on loess area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2016,31(3):1 371-1 380.
[16]	YILMAZ Ö . Seismic data analysis[M]. Tulsa,USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2001.
[17]	林伯香, 孙晶梅, 刘起弘 , 等. 关于浮动基准面概念的讨论[J]. 石油物探, 2005,44(1):94-97.
	LIN Boxiang, SUN Jingmei, LIU Qihong , et al. Discussion to the concept of the floating datum[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2005,44(1):94-97.
[18]	吴超, 许安明, 尚江伟 , 等. TTI各向异性叠前深度偏移技术在库车复杂山地的应用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2019,40(1):103-107.
	WU Chao, XU Anming, SHANG Jiangwei , et al. Application of TTI anisotropic prestack depth migration technology in complex mountain areas of Kuqa depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019,40(1):103-107.
[19]	黄丽娟, 罗文山, 方勇 , 等. 天山南北复杂构造成像技术进展及应用效果[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2020,41(1):114-119.
	HUANG Lijuan, LUO Wenshan, FANG Yong , et al. Progress and application of imaging technology for complex structures in the Southern and Northern Tianshan mountains[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020,41(1):114-119.
[20]	林伯香 . 最小静校正误差浮动基准面方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2003,38(6):611-617.
	LIN Boxiang . A new method for determination of floating datum in static corrections[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2003,38(6):611-617.
[21]	王胜春, 李进, 胡珊珊 . 基于非局部均值滤波的复杂地表区浮动基准面计算方法[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2018,33(5):1 985-1 988.
	WANG Shengchun, LI Jin, HU Shanshan . Method for calculating the floating datum in complex surface area based on NLM filter[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2018,33(5):1 985-1 988.