稠油火驱实验原油色谱指纹特征对比

doi:10.7657/XJPG20210512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稠油火驱开发能否实现高温氧化将会直接影响开发效果,火驱燃烧状态的判识已成为火驱开发的技术难点之一。为攻克这一难题,采用天然岩心开展火驱实验,利用气相色谱技术对采集的原油开展饱和烃、烯烃和芳香烃指纹特征对比分析。实验结果表明：受高温氧化作用影响,火驱后稠油中的饱和烃含量明显上升,色谱指纹图呈前峰单峰型分布,正构烷烃含量增加、轻重比（∑nC_21-/∑nC₂₂₊）变大、无奇偶优势;裂解生成的烯烃在色谱指纹图中表现为同碳数烯烃与正构烷烃含量比值始终小于1,并且随着碳数的增加该比值降低;芳香烃色谱指纹图呈前峰型分布,萘系列化合物中甲基萘含量明显低于萘,更容易在裂解生成的萘系列化合物的α位发生加甲基反应,菲系列化合物与萘系列化合物特征相似。气相色谱技术可以有效指示稠油火驱前后的微观变化特征,为火驱燃烧状态的判识奠定基础。

关键词: 稠油油藏, 火驱开发, 燃烧状态, 高温氧化作用, 色谱指纹特征, 饱和烃, 烯烃, 芳香烃

Abstract:

In fire flooding development of heavy oil, oxidation at high temperature directly affects the evaluation on the development efficiency, and how to identify the combustion state is a technical difficulty. Physical simulation experiments on fire flooding were performed on natural cores, and fingerprint characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon, olefin and aromatic hydrocarbon in heavy oil were analyzed through gas chromatography. The results show that after fire flooding, influenced by oxidation at high temperature, (1) the content of saturated hydrocarbon in the heavy oil increases significantly, the chromatographic fingerprint is a pre-peak unimodal type, both the content of N-alkane and light-heavy ratio (∑nC_21-/∑nC₂₂₊) increase, and no odd-even predominance appears; (2) on the chromatographic fingerprint, the olefins generated from cracking shows that the ratio of olefins to N-alkanes with the same carbon numbers is always less than 1, and the ratio decreases with the increase of the carbon number; (3) the chromatographic fingerprint of aromatic hydrocarbon is a pre-peak type, the content of methylnaphthalene is significantly lower than that of naphthalene in the naphthalenes, so it is easier to have methylation at the α place of the cracked naphthalenes, and the characteristics of the phenanthrenes are similar to those of the naphthalenes. Chromatographic fingerprint can effectively indicate microscopic changes of the heavy oil before and after fire flooding, which lays a foundation for identifying the combustion state of fire flooding.

Key words: heavy oil reservoir, fire flooding, combustion state, oxidation at high temperature, chromatographic fingerprint characteristic, saturated hydrocarbon, olefin, aromatic hydrocarbon

中图分类号:

TE345

闫红星. 稠油火驱实验原油色谱指纹特征对比[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(5): 592-597.

YAN Hongxing. Comparison of Chromatographic Fingerprint Characteristics of Heavy Oil Based on Fire Flooding Experiments[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(5): 592-597.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献 22

[1]	张方礼. 火烧油层技术综述[J]. 特种油气藏, 2011, 18(6):1-6.
	ZHANG Fangli. An overview of in situ combustion technology[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2011, 18(6):1-6.
[2]	高成国, 木合塔尔, 展宏洋, 等. 克拉玛依油田红浅区火驱燃烧前缘的确定[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2020, 41(2):188-192.
	GAO Chengguo, Muhetaer, ZHAN Hongyang, et al. Monitoring and description methods of fire flooding combustion front in Hongqian area,Karamay oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020, 41(2):188-192.
[3]	彭小强, 韩晓强, 杨洋, 等. 水平井火驱辅助重力泄油燃烧状态及燃烧前缘预测[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2020, 41(2):199-203.
	PENG Xiaoqiang, HAN Xiaoqiang, YANG Yang, et al. Combustion state and burning front prediction during combustion assisted gravity drainage process in horizonal wells[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020, 41(2):199-203.
[4]	刘应忠, 胡士清. 高3-6-18块火烧油层跟踪效果评价[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 6(1):52-56.
	LIU Yingzhong, HU Shiqing. Trace research on Gao 3-6-18 in situ combustion[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Edition of Natural Sciences), 2009, 6(1):52-56.
[5]	金兆勋. 高3618块火烧油层试验效果跟踪研究[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2011, 25(5):121-123.
	JIN Zhaoxun. Trace research on Gao 3618 in situ combustion testing effect[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2011, 25(5):121-123.
[6]	关文龙, 马德胜, 梁金中, 等. 火驱储层区带特征实验研究[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(1):100-104.
	GUAN Wenlong, MA Desheng, LIANG Jinzhong, et al. Experimental research on thermodynamic characteristics of in-situ combustion zones in heavy oil reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31(1):100-104.
[7]	何继平, 刘静, 牛丽, 等. 气相色谱法分析火驱产出气[J]. 石油与天然气化工, 2010, 39(4):352-353.
	HE Jiping, LIU Jing, NIU Li, et al. Analysis of the production gas of combustion driving by gas chromatography[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 2010, 39(4):352-353.
[8]	程宏杰, 顾鸿君, 刁长军, 等. 注蒸汽开发后期稠油油藏火驱高温燃烧特征[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 39(4):426-429.
	CHENG Hongjie, GU Hongjun, DIAO Changjun, et al. Research on high temperature combustion properties in heavy oil reservoir in the late period of steam injection development[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 2012, 39(4):426-429.
[9]	杨智, 廖静, 高成国, 等. 红浅1井区直井火驱燃烧区带特征[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2019, 38(1):89-93.
	YANG Zhi, LIAO Jing, GAO Chengguo, et al. Characteristics of the in-situ-combustion zone for the vertical well in Well Block HQ1[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2019, 38(1):89-93.
[10]	杨俊印. 火烧油层(干式燃烧)室内实验研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2011, 18(6):96-99.
	YANG Junyin. Lab experimental study on in situ combustion (dry combustion)[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2011, 18(6):96-99.
[11]	张方礼, 赵庆辉, 闫红星, 等. 指纹分析技术在火驱燃烧状态识别中的应用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2015, 22(6):80-84.
	ZHANG Fangli, ZHAO Qinghui, YAN Hongxing, et al. Application of signature analysis technique in identification of fire flood combustion state[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2015, 22(6):80-84.
[12]	王元基, 何江川, 廖广志, 等. 国内火驱技术发展历程与应用前景[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(5):909-914.
	WANG Yuanji, HE Jiangchuan, LIAO Guangzhi, et al. Overview on the development history of combustion drive and its application[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(5):909-914.
[13]	K.E.彼得斯, J.M.莫尔多万. 生物标记化合物指南[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1995.
	PETERS K E, MOLDOVAN J M. The biomarker guide[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1995.
[14]	黄第藩, 李晋超. 利用气相色谱资料探讨几种成油生源构成[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 1982, 3(3):251-259.
	HUANG Difan, LI Jinchao. A study on the structures of biogenetic substance in disseminated hydrocarbons by gas chromatograms[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1982, 3(3):251-259.
[15]	孟仟祥, 房寰, 徐永昌, 等. 柴达木盆地石炭系烃源岩和煤岩生物标志物特征及其地球化学意义[J]. 沉积学报, 2004, 22(4):729-736.
	MENG Qianxiang, FANG Huan, XU Yongchang, et al. Biomarkers and geochemical significance of carboniferous source rocks and coals from Qaidam basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(4):729-736.
[16]	窦启龙, 陈践发, 薛艳芬, 等. 实验室条件下微生物降解原油的地球化学特征研究[J]. 沉积学报, 2005, 23(3):542-547.
	DOU Qilong, CHEN Jianfa, XUE Yanfen, et al. A comparative study of the geochemical characters of crude oil after microbe degradation in laboratory[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2005, 23(3):542-547.
[17]	尚慧芸. 陆相原油和生油岩特征生物标记物[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 1986, 7(3):236-240.
	SHANG Huiyun. Characteristic biomarkers of terrestrial oils and its source rocks[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1986, 7(3):236-240.
[18]	卢双舫, 张敏. 油气地球化学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2008.
	LU Shuangfang, ZHANG Min. Oil and gas geochemistry[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2008.
[19]	林玉祥, 朱传真, 赵承锦, 等. 论油气地表化探烯烃异常成因机制及其意义:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷米斯布拉克地区为例[J]. 地球化学, 2016, 45(2):133-141.
	LIN Yuxiang, ZHU Chuanzhen, ZHAO Chengjin, et al. Study on genetic mechanism and significance of olefin anomaly in surface geochemical prospecting for oil and gas: taking the Meath Braque area of Kuqa depression in Tarim basin as an example[J]. Geochemica, 2016, 45(2):133-141.
[20]	李婧婧, 汤达祯, 许浩, 等. 准南大黄山芦草沟组油页岩热解气相色谱特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2008, 35(6):674-679.
	LI Jingjing, TANG Dazhen, XU Hao, et al. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography of the oil shale in Lucaogou formation,Dahuangshan,southern Junggar basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2008, 35(6):674-679.
[21]	李美俊, 王铁冠. 原油中烷基萘的形成机理及其成熟度参数应用[J]. 石油实验地质, 2005, 27(6):606-611.
	LI Meijun, WANG Tieguan. The generating mechanism of methylated naphthalene series in crude oils and the application of their maturity parameters[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2005, 27(6):606-611.
[22]	宋长玉, 金洪蕊, 刘璇, 等. 烃源岩中甲基菲的分布及对成熟度参数的影响[J]. 石油实验地质, 2007, 29(2):183-187.
	SONG Changyu, JIN Hongrui, LIU Xuan, et al. Distribution of methyl phenanthrene in sediments and its impacting on maturity parameters[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2007, 29(2):183-187.